Overweight and Obesity in Children Term Paper

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Obesity in Children

Obesity is a growing problem in America with more than 64% of the U.S. adult population identified to be clinically obese or overweight. It is estimated that there are more than 300,000 deaths every year which are directly attributed to obesity. [CDC]. It would not be far fetching to say that obesity has in fact assumed epidemic proportions and is one of the fastest growing healthcare problems of our nation. There is a positive association between obesity and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and other life threatening conditions. A disturbing fact is the increasing rate of obesity among children in the age group of 4 to 16. Unhealthy eating habits and the modern sedentary life style have only aggravated the risk factors leading to a health care crisis. Nurses as community healthcare providers have an important role in increasing the awareness and initiating nutritional programs and exercise activities aimed at controlling obesity at an early age.

The Obesity Crisis

An obesity crisis is looming large in our nation where more than 15% of all children (6 to 11) and adolescents (12 to 17) are clinically obese. Over the last two decades obesity rates have tripled among adolescents creating a grave health care problem for our young population. Asides the negative psychological effect that obesity has on the affected children they are also at an increasing risk of early affliction from cardiovascular complications, diabetes and orthopedic problems. The rather disappointing scenario is the complacency exhibited by primary care providers in identifying obese conditions among pediatric subjects. Our biggest problem is that inspite of the awareness generated about the prevalence of obesity and the health consequences, identification and tackling of the problem at the primary care level is still at a slack. One study suggests that only 20% of obese children are identified by health care providers. [Jennifer R. McCarthy] recent study which analyzed the rates of identification of obesity condition among primary healthcare providers also projects a bleak picture.

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Children between 3 months and 15 years were observed for their Medicare visits over a period of 3 months. In all a total of 2515 visits were studied and it was found that 244 children fitted the clinical description for obesity. However, only around 120 were identified by their health care providers for their obese condition. The study also found that obesity in younger children tends to be ignored (goes unidentified) by their primary care providers which, given the fact that they are the group that can be easily corrected presents a worrisome picture. [O'Brien SH] So there is a dearth of preventive and interventional programs at the community level and definitely a clear lack of obesity control programs at the school level.

Another study conducted by the Harvard university found out that calorie restrictive low carbohydrate diets are proving to be detrimental than helpful in the sense that any form of dietary restriction entails the tendency towards binge eating. For the study the researchers analyzed 8203 children in the age group of 9 and 14 and found that low calorie diets only resulted in increase rather than decrease of weights. One more important point to state when we discuss about the dietary component is that even though 88% of American schools follow the USDA lunch programme (less than 30% calories from fat) these schools also simultaneously sell junk foods in their canteens which defeats the whole purpose of the USDA dieting prescription. For example the soft drinks sold in the school premises have 150 calories per can and it is estimated that on an average 85% of all school children consume at least one soft drink per day at school. [Holcomb]

Obesity Management (Role of Nurses)

The key to managing obesity epidemic is identifying the problem early and hence addressing the problem at the pediatric level would definitely produce positive results......

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