PDF File Was Unable to Case Study

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8. Protethria-egg laying, medium length gestation inside the mother. Lactation occurs after hatching.

Metatheria-marsupial, short length gestation period inside skin pouch on the outside of mother. Lactation occurs upon gestation.

Eutheria-develop from embryos inside of the mother, long gestation period and lactation occurs throughout gestation.

9. First Row: Propagation is stopped as the two waves would cancel one another out. Propagation would occur if the nerve was stimulated in the middle and the two waves moved towards the tips.

Second Row: Initiation is slowed or will stop and result in cramps of the involved muscle. The ion channels are slow to respond or will not respond at all without sodium being present.

Third Row: Transduction will not occur as it relies on the Ca2+ gates to transfer the signal and change the stimulus.

10. Sight-Photoreceptor / Cells react to light hitting them / Optic Nerve

Smell-Olfactory, a-Rodopsin-like receptors / Binds to odor molecule and changes form / Olfactory Nerve

Sound -- Mechanoreceptor / Waves of sound move cells in inner ear / Cochlear Nerve

11. First Row: White Matter

Second Row: Toward the cerebral cortex as she can initiate movement but not respond to incoming signals from stimuli.

Third Row: Afferent neurons are neurons that transmit information regarding stimuli, while efferent neurons are what assist the brain and body in creating a reaction to that particular stimulus.

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Fourth Row: Her reflexes would not work properly or at all as all neuron tips are rooted in the dorsal root ganglia.

12. First Row: The hypothalamus is involved with homeostatic regulation and the cerebellum controls coordination and reflexes.

Second Row: It would be very difficult to learn as the cerebellum is the major part of the brain that assists in movement and coordination. It also plays a role in regulating fear and cognitive abilities (specifically attention span, which would be required in order to learn a new sport).

13. The terrestrial organism will have a circulatory system, but it will be closed and double looped. Its respiratory system will consist of lungs with thick walled alveoli that can withstand low temperatures. The closed, double looped circulatory system will allow efficient transfer of oxygen to the bloodstream and will assist in conserving energy. Specific aspects about the circulatory system will assist in multiple physiological changes that will help keep blood warm, close to the core of the body, and enriched with oxygen. Some of these adaptations can include thick, hair covered skin, fur covered foot pads, and a thick layer of fat that surrounds the body. There will be minimal amounts of blood vessels extending to the extremities of the organism,….....

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