Pepsico Vs. Coca Cola Pepsico Vs. Cocacola Essay

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Pepsico vs. Coca Cola

Pepsico vs. CocaCola

The purpose of this essay is to present the comparative analysis of two companies CocaCola and PepsiCo. The main objective of the essay is to compare and analyze financial performance of two companies in terms of ratios.

CocaCola is 126 years old company was created by Atlanta pharmacist John Pemberton in 1886. It has 3500 growing products available in 200+ countries. CocaCola receives 1,322,000 tweets per quarter, which is an obvious indicator of popularity (Our Company, 2011).

Pepsico is also a global company created in the late1890s by Caleb Bradham, North Carolina pharmacist. Company is a global food and beverage leader with net revenue of more than $65billion (Company, 2012).

They are direct competitors of each other over a century in the soft drink industry. We know that both companies have high degree of brand awareness and loyalty globally.

Ratio Analysis

Ratio analysis is used to compare relationships among finacial items. Ratios are used to compare company's own performance with its past performnace or with the industry average or with competitors (Ratio Analysis, n.d.). According to Barringer & Ireland (2011) there are three types of ratios:

1. Liquidity Ratio: This ratio assess company's ability to meet its short-term debts.

Current ratio, cash ratio, and quick ratio are types of liquidity ratio. These ratios show the financial position of the firm (Barringer & Ireland, 2011).

2. Profitability Ratio: It is a ratio of income earned vs. resources consumed to generate income. Return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and profit margin are types of profitability ratios.These ratios show the financial performance of the firm (Barringer & Ireland, 2011).

3. Overall Financial Stability Ratio: As the name indicates this ratio measures the overall financial stability of the company. With the help of this ratio we can see that whether the company is having sustainable growth or not (Barringer & Ireland, 2011).

Comparative Financial Analysis between PepsiCo and CocaCola

1. Liquidity Analysis

Table 1.1 (PepsiCo Inc., liquidity ratios)

Dec 29, 2012

Dec 31, 2011

Dec 25, 2010

Dec 26, 2009

Dec 27, 2008

Current ratio

1.10

0.96

1.11

1.44

1.23

Quick ratio

0.80

0.62

0.80

1.00

0.79

Cash ratio

0.39

0.24

0.40

0.47

0.26

(PepsiCo Inc. (PEP) | Liquidity Analysis, 2013)

Table 1.2 (Coca-Cola Co., liquidity ratios)

Dec 31, 2012

Dec 31, 2011

Dec 31, 2010

Dec 31, 2009

Dec 31, 2008

Current ratio

1.09

1.05

1.17

1.28

0.94

Quick ratio

0.77

0.78

0.85

0.95

0.62

Cash ratio

0.59

0.58

0.61

0.67

0.38

(Coca- Cola Co. (KO) | Liquidity Analysis, 2013)

Current Ratio: It is a ratio of current assets and current liabilities (Coca-Cola Co. (KO) | Liquidity Analysis, 2013).Higher current ratio is a healthy indicator for a company. Current ratio under 1 is not considered good as it indicates company is not sufficiently liquid enough to meet its short-term debt (Mathur, 2011). From table 1.1 and table 1.2 it is obvious that in 2012 Pepsico (C.R.=1.10)has slight edge over CocaCola (C.R. =1.09) but both the companies have ability to meet their short-term debt.

Quick Ratio: Also known as acid test ratio is calculated by dividing cash plus short-term marketable investement plus receivables from current liabilities (Coca- Cola Co. (KO) | Liquidity Analysis, 2013). A ratio of 2:1 shows that firm has 2 times as much cash as it owes, very healthy sign. On the other hand ratio of 1:2 shows that firms liabilities are double of its cash to pay liabilities.Ideal scenario is ratio of 1:1. Refer to table 1.1 and table 1.2 for quick ratios in 2012, we find that Pepsico (Q.R.=0.80) again has slight edge over CocaCola (Q.R. =0.77).

Cash Ratio: Calculated by dividing Cash plus short-term marketable investments from current liabilities (PepsiCo Inc. (PEP) | Liquidity Analysis, 2013). Refer to table 1.1 and table 1.2 for cash ratios in 2012, we find that Pepsico (Ca.R.=0.39) is low in comparison to CocaCola (Ca.R.

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=0.59). Usually businesses keep their cash ratio slightly below 1 as they use their idle cash for profit generation. However creditor prefer business with high cash ratio. A cash ratio of 1 or above means that business is able to pay its short-term liabilities immediately (Cash Ratio, 2011).

2. Profitabiliy Analysis

Gross Profit Margin: This ratio shows the gross profit as proportion of sales. Higher gross profit margins are better and healthy indicator for businesses. Low gross profit margin indicates that either cost of production and inventory is high or price charge is low (Profit Margin Ratio's and Break Even Analysis, 2012). Now compare Pepsico and CocaCola gross profit margins of 2012 from table 2.1 and table 2.2, we find that Pepsico (G.P.F.=52.22%) is low in comparison to CocaCola (G.P.F. =60.32%). Gross profit margin of 52.22% means that company makes 52.22p in gross profit for every 1$ of sales.Similarly gross profit margin of 60.32% means that for every 1 $ sale company make 60.32p in gross profit. Higher percentages also suggest that company have more money to reinvest in business or to pay its expenses (Vitez, n.d.)

Table 2.1 (PepsiCo Inc., profitability ratios)

Dec 29, 2012

Dec 31, 2011

Dec 25, 2010

Dec 26, 2009

Dec 27, 2008

Return on Sales

Gross profit margin

52.22%

52.49%

54.05%

53.51%

52.95%

Operating profit margin

13.91%

14.48%

14.41%

18.61%

16.09%

Net profit margin

9.43%

9.69%

10.93%

13.75%

11.89%

Return on Investment

Return on equity (ROE)

27.71%

31.29%

29.86%

35.38%

42.47%

Return on assets (ROA)

8.28%

8.84%

9.27%

14.92%

14.29%

(PepsiCo Inc. (PEP) | Profitability Analysis, 2013)

Table 2.2 (Coca-Cola Co., profitability ratios)

Dec 31, 2012

Dec 31, 2011

Dec 31, 2010

Dec 31, 2009

Dec 31, 2008

Return on Sales

Gross profit margin

60.32%

60.86%

63.86%

64.22%

64.39%

Operating profit margin

22.45%

21.82%

24.06%

26.56%

26.44%

Net profit margin

18.78%

18.42%

33.63%

22.02%

18.18%

Return on Investment

Return on equity (ROE)

27.51%

27.10%

38.09%

27.52%

28.37%

Return on assets (ROA)

10.47%

10.72%

16.19%

14.02%

14.33%

(Coca-Cola Co. (KO) | Profitability Analysis, 2013)

Operating Profit Margin: This ratio shows operating income (earnings before interest and tax) as a percentage of revenue (Operating Margin Ratio, 2011). If we compare Pepsico and CocaCola operating profit margins of 2012 from table 2.1 and table 2.2, we find that Pepsico (O.P.M.=13.91%) is low in comparison to CocaCola (O.P.M. =22.4%). CocaCola is efficeint and able to make more operating profit out of 1$ sale than PepsiCo. However, for both companies it is obvious from table 2.1 and 2.2 that profitability has decreased over the period of time.

Net Profit Margin: It is defined as net profit as a proportion of sales (Profit Margin Ratio's and Break Even Analysis, 2012). Refer to table 2.1 and table 2.2 for net profit margin in 2012, we find that Pepsico (N.P.M.=9.43%) is also low as compare to CocaCola (N.P.M. =18.78%).

Return on Equity (ROE): The amount of net income return as a percentage of shareholders equity (Mathur, 2011). It is ratio of net income to equity (Brigham & Ehrhardt, 2001). Based on data obtained from financial statements of CocaCola and Pepsico in table 2.1 and 2.2 we can say that Pepsico (ROE=27.71%) is performing slightly better than CocaCola (ROE =27.51%),generating more profit with the shareholders money and delivering more value to its share holders .

Return on Assets (ROA): Return on asset is a profitability ratio that determines how efficiently a company is generating earnings by utilizing its assets. It is a ratio of net income to total assets (Mathur, 2011). Based on data obtained from financial statements of CocaCola and Pepsico in table 2.1 and 2.2 we can say that Pepsico (ROA=8.28%) is low in comparison to CocaCola (ROA =10.47%).

Here the question arises which ratio is the most important indicator of company's financial performance? In case of small business net profit margin is the most important indicator of profitability but in this.....

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