Personality the Concept of Personality Term Paper

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This approach assumes that the psychological apparatus of the mind is dependent upon some type of energy to make it function (Personality pp). This energy is used in psychological work such as planning, thinking, feeling, and remembering (Personality pp). Everything that happens in an individual's mind and everything he or she does have a specific, identifiable cause, which is referred to as psychic determinism (Personality pp). According to Freud, "people are driven, fundamentally, by unconscious, animalistic, instinctual urges, particularly lust and aggression" (Personality pp). The unconscious is understood to be the large part of the mind that is hidden from view, and the internal structure of the mind is divided into three separate motivations, the Id, which is the irrational and emotional part of the mind, the Ego, which is the rational part, and the Superego, the moral part (Personality pp).

The basic assumption of the learning perspective is that all behavior is learned through experiences and by interaction with the environment (Personality pp). This perspective views the individual as entering the world as a "tabula rasa," or blank slate, although it acknowledges that there are instincts and pre-set responses to stimuli, as well as a preference for pleasure and a desire to avoid pain (Personality pp). Yet, this perspective differs from perspectives that propose a person is born with an innate nature or personality structure, "some biological theories call it temperament, trait theories call it dispositions, psychoanalysts call it drives or instincts, and the humanists use the term drives" (Personality pp).

Learning theorists believe that an individual's personality essentially arose from the molding, or learning experiences that he or she received in their environment, thus patterns of behavior are shaped by experience (Personality pp).

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The phenomenological perspective views humankind as being intrinsically good and self-perfecting, that people are actually drawn toward growth, health, self-sufficiency, and maturity (Personality pp). This is a very optimistic perspective that focuses on an individual's potential, and believes that people are growing and evolving naturally toward greater beauty and completeness (Personality pp).

The cognitive perspective involves the idea that people are who they are because of the way they think, "including how information is attended to, perceived, analyzed, interpreted, encoded and retrieved" (Personality pp). Individuals tend to have habitual thinking patterns that are characterized as personality, thus one's personality would be his characteristic cognitive patterns (Personality pp).

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