Prescribing Medications and Identifying Side Effects Case Study

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Pharmacology Case StudiesScenario 1Diagnosis: Sandra is likely experiencing Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with coexisting anxiety, given her symptoms of persistent sadness, anxiety, and an “empty mood” (Walter et al., 2023). Her increased smoking indicates a need to manage both her mood and nicotine dependence.Treatment:Antidepressant: First-line treatment would involve initiating a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), which can treat both depression and anxiety.Medication: Sertraline 50 mg PO daily· Route: Oral· Frequency: Once daily· Special Instructions: Take in the morning to avoid insomnia· # Dispensed: 30 tablets (30-day supply)· Refills: 1· Tapering: Start at 50 mg. Depending on the response, it may be titrated up to 100 mg after 4-6 weeks (Sørensen et al., 2022).Smoking Cessation: Recommend smoking cessation to address both health concerns and to improve her mental health (White et al., 2023).Medication: Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) via a patch· Order: Nicotine transdermal patch 21 mg/24 hours· Route: Transdermal· Frequency: Change every 24 hours· Special Instructions: Rotate application sites; discontinue smoking upon starting therapy· # Dispensed: 30-day supply· Refills: 1Current Medications:Pantoprazole: Continue for GERD.HCTZ: Review her blood pressure and consider switching or adjusting HCTZ to control her hypertension more effectively since SSRIs can increase BP.Education: Educate Sandra on:· SSRI side effects, such as nausea, dizziness, and sexual dysfunction.

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· Importance of smoking cessation for cardiovascular and mental health.· Importance of adherence to medication and follow-up visits.Labs:· Baseline liver function tests (LFTs) to monitor for potential hepatotoxicity with sertraline.· Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) for HCTZ and BP management......

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