PUD Gastritis and GERD Term Paper

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Introduction

Motility represents the stomach muscle’s contractions that allow the mix and push of contents within the gastrointestinal tract (GI). Motility is a term generally used for reference to any of the various gastro disorders where there is a loss in ability to control muscular activities resulting from endogenous or exogenous triggers (Ghoshal, 2016). Such disorders may be considered primary or secondary. These disorders may present in different ways. From constipation, to abdominal distention, and recurrent vomiting, when there is an alteration in the process of digestion and motility, they can have long-term effects on the individual.

Normal Pathophysiology of Gastric Acid Stimulation and Production

The regulation of pepsin and acid secretion demonstrates the complex balance of chemotransmitters as they are sent to the gastric mucosa via various pathways mediating both inhibitory and stimulatory mechanisms (Ghoshal, 2016). These mechanisms contribute to the normal gastroduodenal mucosa to protect itself from injury and enable it to rapidly repair itself if injury does happen. These control pathways are endocrine, neural, autocrine, and paracrine. When gastric acid secretes into the stomach, it facilitates protein digestion as well as the absorption of vitamin b12, calcium, iron, and even drugs like thyroid hormone or itraconazole.

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With the lowering of pH through gastric acid, ingested microorganisms are killed and limited bacterial growth in the stomach averts intestinal infections like Clostridium difficile (Ghoshal, 2016). There are three phases of gastric activity. These are cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase. These phases are either controlled by the brain, itself, or the small intestine, respectively. All three phases can happen simultaneously (Ghoshal, 2016). A fourth phase, the basal state happens in between meals and is considered an interdigestive phase. The amount of acid secretion varies and is regulated based on number of parietal cells, body weight, time of day, and the individual.

GERD

The key difference between GERD and gastritis is that GERD symptoms occur in the esophagus whereas gastritis symptoms occurs in the stomach. GERDs origin within the gastrointestinal tract is the esophagus with dissimilar symptoms and causes (Podolsky et al., 2015). When an episode of GERD happens, stomach contents rise to the esophagus, generating a burning sensation (heartburn) that can be felt in the chest. This can happen frequently and create long-term changes within the esophagus.

PUD

Peptic Ulcer disease refers to a break in the stomach lining, the….....

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