Qualitative Study and Risk Article Review

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quality where data is gathered through interviews, surveys and observations, while quantitative study establishes its results on the basis of surveys, questionnaires and statistical data. A quantitative study "Study of Nurses' Knowledge about Palliative Care: A Quantitative Cross-sectional Survey" by Prem et al. can be compared with the qualitative study in question to understand the difference. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge of nursing professionals about palliative care through a palliative care knowledge test (PCKT) (Prem et al., 2012).

A cross-sectional survey has been done amongst 363 nurses working in a multi-speciality hospital by using a questionnaire PCKT, unlike qualitative study done by Dykes et al. that utilized a sample of 23 RNs and 19 NAs which can be easily interviewed, questioned and observed. A general finding of the quantitative study was in agreement with the previously established facts of poorer knowledge of palliative care but as interviews and suggestions were not incorporated in the survey being it a quantitative study, this study does not provide any suggestions or interventions to improve this knowledge. However, the qualitative study, including the views and suggestions of RNs and NAs expressed in interviews, provides many suggestions for prevention of patient falls (Prem et al., 2012).

Similarity and Difference between Qualitative and Quantitative Research

Both qualitative and quantitative research approaches are used to investigate some phenomenon of interest in various fields of studies. The difference occurs in the methods of carrying out this investigation. The qualitative approach, being of exploratory nature, examines the causes, opinions and motivations and inspirations while quantitative approach, being of calculative nature, examines the problem by collecting numerical data and converting it into useable statistics by generalising findings from a larger group of samples. The qualitative study uses methods like focus groups, field observations and individual interviews with a small sample size, whereas quantitative analysis utilizes structured methods like mobile surveys, online surveys and polls, telephonic or face-to-face interviews, paper surveys and organized observations (Wyse, 2011).

Statement of the Phenomenon of Interest

The title of the article "Why Do Patients in Acute Care Hospitals Fall? Can Falls Be Prevented?" clearly states the phenomenon of interest in the study, without using superfluous words, it explains and informs the readers of the purpose of the study (Dykes et al., 2009).

The qualitative study supplies such evidences through which nurses can gain direct access to the patient's experiences, helping to increase nurses' ability to understand their patients and thereby leads to more supportive methods to care (Lobiondo-Wood& Haber, 2014, p. 116). The use of qualitative method is appropriate for this study as the researcher wants to focus on the attitudes and experiences of the RNs and NAs regarding patients fall. This study focuses on participants' responses and individual experiences rather than statistics. Thus, qualitative approach is more suitable as it highlights the crux of social phenomena i.e. provides evidences for what has been done and why (Dykes et al., 2009).

The philosophical underpinnings include the common challenges regarding treatments, severe illness, unaccustomed surroundings, bed rest, medications, location of different tubes and catheters, surgery etc., due to which patients are at risk of falling.

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However, hospitals are trying urgently to prevent falls and protect patients from harm, also because Medicare refuses to reimburse the expenses for fall related injuries; but U.S. hospitals still struggles with patient falls as a serious problem (Dykes et al., 2009).

Purpose

The common challenges regarding treatments, severe illness, unaccustomed surroundings, bed rest, medications, location of different tubes and catheters, surgery etc., due to which patients are at risk of falling, are disturbing for the patients, his family members and care providers. Abundant research has successfully been done to assess the fall risk factors but none of these addressed the interventions required to prevent the falls. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to assess why patients fall and what interventions are required to prevent it. Unfortunately, the evidence gathered regarding the efficiency of fall prevention programs is inadequate, due to numerous barriers in hospitals while reviewing fall prevention. Thus, this study is very significant for the prevention of patients fall in nursing (Dykes et al., 2009).

Method

The researcher has employed the grounded theory method for the qualitative study in question, as through this method the theory develops straight from the data and reveals the appropriate values that are essential to the social processes in question. Thus, the new 'grounded in data' theory can be employed in practice, which is the basic purpose of this study i.e. to assess the cause of patient falls and to prevent them in future. The theory, thus observed for the prevention of falls, can be used in future through interventions to prevent the falls (Lobiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014, p. 116). Yes, the research process can be applied to that too, as the research design is easily identifiable and effortlessly read.

Sampling

The selection of participants has been done through purposive sampling, appropriate to the grounded theory method, as all the participants selected understand and were part of the problem of patient falls. The researcher conducted group interviews on 3-10 nurses per group, through 4 audiotaped focus style group methods, making a total number of RNs 23 and other 4 groups with 4-6 NAs per group i.e. a total of 19 NAs in 4 acute hospitals, 2 suburban teaching hospitals and 2 urban academic medical centres in the same systems. They can be considered well-informed and appropriate for the study as potential RN and NA participants were recognized by nursing leaders, employed through hand-outs and personal invitations, also most of the RNs and NAs were experienced women in the field, with a median age of 39 and 49 years and an experience of 12 & 10 years (median) respectively (Dykes et al., 2009).

Data Collection

The data is collected from all 8 focus groups based on their experiences, a mixture of premeditated questions, with appeals for more clarification and discussion of skills, knowledge, about procuring precise falls risk information, about accessing fall prevention materials and general aptitude to prevent falls were utilised. The mediator stimulated from the individual participants by the mediator and group discussions were also encouraged by him (Dykes et al., 2009).

The data.....

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