Questions and Answers Final Exam Answers

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FINAL EXAMFinal Exam: Questions and Answers1. Describe steps in the strategic planning processIt is important to note that there is no single standard format for strategic planning. This is to say that various authors have, in the past, proposed or come up with different approaches to strategic planning. The approach highlighted in this case is a 6-step process proposed by Butuner (2020):a. Determination of the Strategic IntentThis could simply be defined as determining what exactly the organization intends to pursue and ensuring that others from within the organization comprehend the relevance of the undertaking. This is critical so as to assess how ready the various stakeholders are for the effort. In this case, the commitment of all those to be involved in the process is secured and the necessary resources mapped.b. Definition of the Organizational MissionThis has got to do with stating, in no uncertain terms, why the organization exists and what exactly it intends to accomplish. Towards this end, some of the considerations on this front could be inclusive of, but they are not limited to; the organizational purpose and organizational values.c. Environmental Analysis/Situational AssessmentFollowing the clear definition of the purpose for its existence, the organization must assess its present situation. Indeed, in the words of Butuner (2020), in engaging in the said assessment, the organization is able to gain critical insight about its “strengths, weaknesses, and performance, information that will highlight the critical issues that the organization faces and that its strategic plan must address” (142).d. Strategy FormulationIn this fourth step, the organization makes a determination as to the most appropriate course of action following the identification as well as affirmation of the relevant issues. It this case, the key objectives, goals, as well as strategies are highlighted.e. Strategy ImplementationFollowing the formulation of the appropriate strategies, the organization then proceeds to ensure that the said plans and strategies are implemented. It is important to note that according to Butuner (2020), the implementation could be studied via a critical analysis of Mckinsey’s 7S Approach.f. Strategy EvaluationThis is the very last step and is largely inclusive of efforts to monitor outcomes. Deviations from the outcomes desired could be addressed at this stage.2. Describe two ways that performance measurement activities can be an asset to an organization that provides financial support to public health agenciesTo begin with, performance measurement activities can help in the assessment of underperformance. Underperformance could in this case be categorized as team underperformance or individual underperformance. If set standards are not being met by specific public health agencies, then corrective actions could be undertaken or engagement parameters reevaluated so as to ensure that resources are apportioned to compliant health agencies or the most valid projects. Secondly, performance measurement activities also help in planning efforts. This is more so the case given that in tracing the progress of various financing efforts, clearer objectives can be set and goals for the future clarified and/or modified.3. List five key competencies for a public health nurse, physician, administrator, educator, and sanitarian.Public Health Nursea. Ability to convey information in an effective manner, i.e. effective communicatorb. Ability to embrace an evidence-based-practice (EBP) approachc. Ability to comprehend diverse needs of patientsd. Ability to collaborate well with otherse. Superior decision-making abilitiesPhysiciana. Medical knowledgeb. Superior problem-solving abilitiesc.

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Excellent communication and interpersonal skillsd. Professionalism and strong work ethice. Patient-centered careAdministratora. Effective management and leadership capabilitiesb. Effective relationship and communication abilitiesc. Healthcare environment knowledged. Basic accounting and business knowledge/competenciese. Collaboration and teamwork abilitiesEducatora. Effective learning facilitation and curriculum implementationb. Collaboration and partnershipc. Superior communication (written and oral)d. Effective research capabilitiese. Leadership and advocacy capabilitiesSanitariana. Knowledge of, and adherence…

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…and public health laboratories focus on the provision of the appropriate data to inform disease diagnosis (and/or treatment) and advance the health and wellbeing of people. However, clinical laboratories differ from public health laboratories on several fronts. Primarily, the former largely focuses on individual patients in the conduct of various testing procedures. On the other hand, public health laboratories largely focus on testing procedures directed at the entire community. Thus, in this case, the community could be perceived as the ‘patient.’ It therefore follows that the two also differ in terms of their overall mandate. As Jones (2007) points out, while primary patient care happens to be the core mandate of clinical laboratories, public health laboratories advance and direct efforts to not only control, but also prevent “communicable disease and environmental pollution, and play a key role in epidemiologic investigations of disease outbreaks” (p. 219).10. What are the most common determinants of infectious diseases in low- and middle income countries?It is important to note that most low-income and middle-income countries have over the last few decades made significant progress in attempts to reign in the rapid spread of infectious diseases such as influenza, HIV/Aids, chickenpox, tuberculosis, etc. However, the control programs implemented in this case are often not enough to contain the said diseases. In most cases, key determinants of infectious diseases in low income and middle income countries are inclusive of, but they are not limited to; social stigma, poor sanitation, illiteracy, and poverty. To a large extent, all these factors work together to frustrate efforts to contain the spread of some of the more prevalent infectious diseases. As a matter of fact, some of these factors have been identified by Bishwajit, Ide, and Ghosh (2014), as being some of the key determinants of infectious diseases in countries such as….....

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