Realist Explanations of IR Does Journal

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(Dune, 2007)

International institutions are concentrating on reducing the chance of conflicts from emerging. This is because they are focused on increased cooperation between different states (such as: military, economic, commerce, health, the environment, human rights and investment). These different factors work in conjunction with one another to establish standards for improved cooperation and preventing conflicts from emerging between democracies. (Dune, 2007)

Does trade reduce conflict, or conflict reduce trade, or both and why?

Trade can also reduce conflict. This is from the different countries having an economic interest in the success of one another. Once this takes place, is the point when there will be increased communication between them. To make this model work most effectively, various international institutions must be utilized to deal with any kind of disputes among nations. This will reduce the possibilities of fighting by giving both sides a forum for venting their frustrations and discussing these problems in an open format. (Dune, 2007)

However, conflict could reduce commerce. This is because improved trade creates rivalries among various countries. When this happens, there is the possibility that each nation is gaining an advantage at the expense of others. If left unchecked, these frustrations will lead to wars between various states over control of specific natural resources and trade routes.

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This is when commerce will decline from increased hostilities. (Dune, 2007)

What conditions might produce a reversal of the 'virtuous circles' that have brought increasing too much of the world?

The possibility of reversals is occurring with rivalries developing from different nation states for power and influence. This is because the increased amounts of trade are improving the standard of living for a host of countries. The problem is that some will use the wealth that they have accumulated to build up their armed forces. (Dune, 2007)

This will lead to greater amounts of competition between these entities (in order to maintain control of specific natural resources or regions). When this happens, the odds increase that they will use their military to prevent another nation from taking control of them. This is the point that there will be a total shift from peace and cooperation. Once this takes place, is when these transformations will lead to enhanced risks of fighting among these countries. This will create a reversal in the virtuous circles and cooperation that was established between nation….....

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