a. Dependability means emphasis on the need for researchers to take into consideration, the ever-evolving context within research as it happens (Creswell & Miller, 2000). The responsibility of qualitative research is to describe the changes naturally occurring in the setting as well as how such changes researchers approach the study. To address dependability within a qualitative research study, a person can perform member checking of data interpretation, a pilot test, and a peer review. These techniques allow for accurate assessment of dependability regarding the information collected for the study.
When a person begins qualitative research, to determine reliability and dependability of the information collected, they may perform member checks. “Member checking, also known as participant or respondent validation, is a technique for exploring the credibility of results. Data or results are returned to participants to check for accuracy and resonance with their experiences” (Birt, Scott, Cavers, Campbell, & Walter, 2016, p. 1802). Such simplistic reporting may be criticized due to its interpretative stance concerning qualitative research, however, it is often a typical technique employed by researchers. The main reason it is used is because of the chance to understand and determine information the authors intends and assess whether the interpretations are wrong or have errors. It is a playing back process that serves as respondent validation of informant feedback.
The next technique often employed is peer review. Peer review has many names. Some think of it as auditing, expert review, or independent scientific review (Wicherts, 2016). Regardless, it works similar like the member check in that, someone else reviews the information for reliability. Except the work is subjected to others’ scrutiny. Those others being experts within the same field, before work can be published as a book, in a journal, or in conference proceedings (Wicherts, 2016).
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The final technique up for discussion is a pilot test. Pilot studies allow for researchers to find potential barriers and issues concerning recruitment of potential participants and observing things from a phenomenological perspective. Other benefits gained from a pilot study that increase dependability is a chance for reflection of the significance of the epoche process and the struggle in performing phenomenological inquiry, along with potential modification of interview questions (Kallio, Pietilä, Johnson, & Kangasniemi, 2016). Pilot studies serve as an extra layers of reflection and assessment that could lead to thoughtful interpretation of qualitative data all while improving the dependability of the accuracy of said data.
Validity
a. Much like dependability, credibility often means employing certain techniques to see what may or may not work in regards to data collection and creation. To establish credibility member checking can again be employed. Member checking allows researchers to establish what level of expertise and education someone that has written something has (Varpio, Ajjawi, Monrouxe, O'Brien, & Rees, 2016). It is an important tool is establishing a valid interpretation of information via the validity of the person who wrote and collected the data.
Another important technique used to establish credibility is triangulation. This is because it can be used both qualitatively and quantitatively. Triangulation can indeed improve credibility of scientific information by refining both internal consistency as well as generalizability via combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods within the same study (Northrup & Shumway, 2014). Due to the dual nature, data can be evaluated in various ways allowing for a better idea of the kind of interpretation ability of the researcher.
The last one is Participant transcript review is another tool that helps establish credibility. Participant….....
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