Although there is still some controversy among historians whether the Treaty of Versailles was too harsh or too conciliatory, it seems obvious now, with benefit of hindsight, that with a little bit of improvement the Treaty could have worked. If th Continue Reading...
Although, war was averted when the Greek military regime fell from power, the damage to Turkish-Greek relations was done and the occupation of northern Cyprus by Turkey would be a sticking point in Greco-Turkish relations for decades to come (Ottoma Continue Reading...
More difficult to conceal were the mass shootings occurring throughout occupied Russia. The Nazis attempted to quiet the increasing reports of violence against the Jews by inviting the International Red Cross to visit Theresienstadt, a ghetto in Cze Continue Reading...
Germany was punished, rather than rehabilitated. Historic grievances still existed between many of the prevailing European powers, such as France and Germany. After World War I, the United States retreated to isolationism and did not provide either Continue Reading...
Heinrich F. Albert and publicly praised by the propaganda office of the Reich Ministry of Economics, approved an enlargement of the Cologne plant as well as the construction of an assembly factory in Berlin-Johannisthal for trucks and passenger cars Continue Reading...
Two of the significant internal threats that Charles V failed to appreciate came from his Spanish subjects and from the spread of Protestantism. As was discussed, Charles V failed to understand, or perhaps did not care, how his Spanish subjects woul Continue Reading...
European nationalism in the nineteenth century seems to have picked up where religion had left off centuries before. This statement may sound provocative -- positing the state as a substitute for a God whose influence was waning -- but in reality it Continue Reading...
Conclusion There has been a lot of confusion on the differences between Arabs and Muslims. The U.S. Federal government has in the past associated Arabs and Muslims with terrorism. It is important for the difference to be understood so that clear p Continue Reading...
Immigration The United States is known as the "nation of immigrants." The reason for this is not hard to find: the economic opportunities and the "American Dream" have attracted waves of immigrants from different parts of the world to make America a Continue Reading...
" The revolution was also responsible for establishing "conditions for an era of economic development. Capitalist development had begun in Mexico prior to the revolution, but it had been constrained by the power of the large landholders and lacked th Continue Reading...
The nationalism furthered by Hamas is a direct salvo against oppression and occupation. Its foundation is premised on blame and hatred of the "other." Again, instability leads the uncertain from away from foreign and in the direction of the known, t Continue Reading...
Navies in American Revolution For hundreds of years, maritime expansion represented the only way to reach distant shores, to attack enemies across channels of water, to explore uncharted territories, to make trade with regional neighbors and to conn Continue Reading...
The rigid theology of scientific, rational atheism as an antidote to the problems of religion was not found in Marx and Engels. Marx did see religion as fostering apathy to class divisions and as kind of a 'sop' to appropriate anger and revolutiona Continue Reading...
The economy all but collapsed, and with it went the Tsar and the Russian Empire. The economic chaos that ushered in the Soviet Union met the Russian people on the way out of the Soviet Union as well. Despite the problems in the 1990s, ranging from Continue Reading...
And this is why Kronstadt symbolized not only tragedy, but also absolute necessity (Baken, 2007). Kronstadt was revived with the new life. Revolutionary enthusiasm rose to a level of the October days when the heroism and devotion of the sailors pla Continue Reading...
This is not always the case. Some may be educated and economically well off, within particular fundamentalist sects, but use an idealistic vision of the past to provide a solution to what they see is lacking in the contemporary world. This was true Continue Reading...
Lenin's form of Marxism/Communism as applied to the Russian economy backfired. Why? What happened? What went wrong that he and other Marxists/Communists did not anticipate? Of course, Lenin wanted to improve productivity and use this improvement as Continue Reading...
Signals intelligence (SIGINT) is an integral part of military strategy. Referring to the interception and decoding of enemy communications, SIGINT is the topic of Peter Matthew's 2013 publication, SIGINT: The Secret History of Signals Intelligence 19 Continue Reading...
" These events have been repeated time and again across the country where ordinary Syrian citizens have been forced to take to the streets to make their demands known, while Assad remained cloistered away. For instance, Corbin (2011) reports th Continue Reading...
fall of the Soviet Union the United States has been often described as the world's only remaining super power. Whether this description is accurate or whether it truly matters, is open to debate but how the United States came to the point where it i Continue Reading...
The quest for primacy is likely to lead to the formation of adversarial alliances and greater distrust of American intentions, endangering international stability and peace. In the domestic sphere, quest for primacy will lead to greater abuse of pow Continue Reading...
The Holocaust was just one in a long string of persecutions the Jews suffered. Pogroms against Jews were not uncommon in Europe. But the size, scope and horror of the Holocaust provided the impretus needed to act on the previously recognized need. S Continue Reading...
It would help to remember that Churchill was an intense patriot, and he loved his country more than anything else in the world. This individual was also a great believer in the greatness and immensity of his country, and he was constantly aware of t Continue Reading...
Furthermore, as a result of these conditions there was a general failure of black business and entrepreneurships. "Black businesses failed, crushing the entrepreneurial spirit that had been an essential element of the Negro Renaissance." (the Great Continue Reading...
Cold War, the president of the United States was often referred to as the "leader of the free world." This connotes an image of someone with an unsurpassed amount of power and responsibility. From 1861 to 1969, the role of President of the United St Continue Reading...
These tools have revolutionized not only the economics of the world, but also world politics and social affairs. Thus, the United States certainly became the leading economic power in the United States during the twentieth century. it's trade, multi Continue Reading...
Kemal Ataturk Kemal Ataturk, founder of modern Turkey and its first elected president, was born as Mustafa on March 12, 1881 in Salonika or Thessaloniki, in Greece which was then under the Ottoman Empire. His father, Ali Reza Efendi, was a customs Continue Reading...
Sovereignty vs Self-Rule: Crimea Reignites Battle Inclusion of Russia into Georgia in 2008 provoked political fear among the west political arena and the media. They dreaded that similar intervention by the Russian military would be possible in othe Continue Reading...
1. Thinking as a historian, how would you answer the question, “are the Jews a religious group, a nation, or an ethnic minority?” When thinking as an historian, one can easily say that the Jews are a religious group, a nation, and an ethn Continue Reading...
Terror Robert Conquest's The Great Terror: A Reassessment is a book that is an absolute 'must read' for anyone who is interested in the history of Communism, and more important, the issue of human rights. In fact, it can be said that the book is pe Continue Reading...
The history of communism and fascism The two movements have been known to share a lot in terms of their history and even ideologies. Both are clearly seen to have been established after the First World War in order to create a new world political ord Continue Reading...
(Malone 2004) Coordination / diplomacy are the most common approach used when a nation state is in violation of international law. What happens is the UN Security Council members will work with the country to address the issue. Where, they will exa Continue Reading...
Labor unions are associations of workers for the purpose of improving the economic status and working conditions of the employees through collective bargaining with employers (Union pp). The two general types of unions are the horizontal, or craft, u Continue Reading...
Herbert Hoover and the Great Depression In recent years, a debate has arisen regarding the extent of Herbert Hoover's progressive and Keynesian leanings, with conservative historians suggesting that Hoover may have been less of an advocate for laiss Continue Reading...
Russian History This work will first address the idea that the Russian Revolution of 1917 was inevitable given the charged events that had occurred in and around Russia preceding the event and then it will go on to look at the issue from the opposit Continue Reading...
We are surrounded on all sides by enemies, and we have to advance almost constantly under their fire. We have combined, by a freely adopted decision, for the purpose of fighting the enemy, and not of retreating into the neighboring marsh, the inhabi Continue Reading...
Israel and the Arab WorldIntroductionThe history of modern Israel and the Arab world is a history of tension and violence that has gone on for decades. It is a history characterized by numerous wars, accusations of genocide, threats of annihilation, Continue Reading...
history of events in the twentieth century, one might surmise that the twenty-first may not be all that different. Why? Because human nature and the pursuit of self-interest has not changed from one century to the next. To explain what drives intern Continue Reading...
Geopolitical Energy Competition One hundred years ago, oil supplies were a non-issue. There was limited demand for oil, and hence limited supply. Today, oil is the most important factor shaping the geopolitical landscape. Global demand for oil is es Continue Reading...
Arab-Israel Relations: The Work of Trump or Outcome of Larger Structural Changes in ME Politics?IntroductionPresident Trump oversaw the Abraham Accords, signed in 2020 at the White House between Israel, the UAE and Bahrain. With Morocco an Sudan quie Continue Reading...
