English as a Second Language - Background Knowledge KNOWLEDGE Shirley Adams established in her research that "Along with vocabulary, a reader's background knowledge has been shown to be an important component of reading comprehension. The backgroun Continue Reading...
Language and Thinking Language is the one aspect, which distinguishes human beings from lower species of life (Faccone et al. 2000). Sternberg (1999 as qtd in Faccone et al.) lists its properties as including communication, arbitrary symbolism, regu Continue Reading...
, 2007, p. 314). Although it seems rather complex, Chomsky's innateness hypothesis is perhaps the most easily obtained explanation of children's ability to learn a language. Human beings are programmed with a whole host of cognitive abilities when t Continue Reading...
English for academic purposes approach focuses on the reader, too, not as a specific individual but as the representative of a discourse community, for example, a specific discipline or academia in general. The reader is an initiated expert who repr Continue Reading...
Initiating joint attention related to activity in the frontal-cortical system, especially the left hemisphere and responding to joint attention to the parietal lobes. Heimann et al. (2006) found that that deferred imitation and joint attention both Continue Reading...
speaking in the target language is the expectation that a proficient speaker will sound like a native speaker. Is this an appropriate or realistic expectation? Not a long while after the emergence of the subject of second language acquisition (SLA) Continue Reading...
Computer Assisted Language Learning or CALL, relates to the creation, use, and study of software that is specifically designed to allow for the use of a computer in the teaching and learning of a new language (Jarvis, 2013). Most commonly this is don Continue Reading...
Knowledge and Learning and Teaching a Second Language: Researchers have divided the skills necessary for the acquisition of second language comprehension, particularly in the reading area, into two general theories: bottom-up, text-based, psycholin Continue Reading...
Communicative Language Teaching the Best Methodology to Prepare Students for the Cambridge First Certificate Exam? Based on its emphasis on authenticity and relevancy to students' lives, it has been argued that the communicative language teaching a Continue Reading...
Vocabulary Acquisition in ESOL Students English as foreign/second language (EFL/ESL) classrooms widely neglected the area of vocabulary, until lately. Grammar lessons are founded on a collection of rules having coherent structure, expected to be rem Continue Reading...
Teaching and Learning Arabic as a Foreign Language1- What is your understanding of the situation of Arabic language teaching in the United States in terms of demand & growth?In the United States, there is a strong case that Arabic teaching is gaining Continue Reading...
Essay Topic Examples The Evolution of Language: Tracing the Roots and Development Explore the historical progression of human language from its origins. Examine various hypotheses about how language might have first emerged and outline t Continue Reading...
Flashcards can, for example, be provided with words, and students can point to drawings of these items. For a written component, flashcards with simple pictures can be used to assess students' vocabulary development. For the intermediate stage, the Continue Reading...
" (Keller, nd) Hawkins uses syntactic weight in explaining word order frequencies and the relative acceptability of different orders in native speakers' judgments." (Keller, nd) The work of Christiansen (2002) entitled: "Case, Word Order, and Langua Continue Reading...
Learning that is imparted through an educational institution or training company within the workplace setting in known as Work-based learning (WBL). WBL is administered by an external teacher in professional capacity and supervised by an employee of Continue Reading...
Second, it suggests that once an appropriate curriculum has been compiled -- one that produces the appropriate results -- then this very same curriculum should produce the same results every time it is employed properly. And third, it suggests that Continue Reading...
Thus, traditional methods of teaching English or any other language to native speakers of another language can be damaging to students, according to these authors. Thus, teaching English as a second language must be considered as a cultural and lin Continue Reading...
Traditional Methods of Language Teaching The paper discuses the various traditional methods of language teaching, namely: Grammar Translation Method The Audio-lingual Method The Direct Method The Silent Way The Communicative Approach Cognitive Continue Reading...
wikipedia.org/wiki/Communicative_language_teaching#Overview_of_CLT,2005). This means that successfully learning a foreign language is assessed in terms of how well learners have developed their communicative competence, which can loosely be defined a Continue Reading...
Chomsky Noam Chomsky and His Theory of Universal Grammar Noam Chomsky name is not unknown to the world. Though he is not a psychologist or a psychiatrist but his contributions in the fields of psychology and linguistics has a great impact. His theo Continue Reading...
Nature-Nurture and Language Development The development of language in an individual is considered as an antecedent from the cognitive ability that is found to be enacted from the genetic structure which helps in the retention and effective utilizat Continue Reading...
Even when they are given a large number of students, teachers know that they must make at least some attempt to individualize their lessons, or at least allow for different learning styles. For teachers of English as a second language, this is often Continue Reading...
Also, culture can have a significant impact on individual's ability to enjoy and fully engage in the self-directed learning experience, if it was not a part of the student's previous educational context. Still, collaborative learning in language cl Continue Reading...
Dr. Frank Pajares, writing in Reading and Writing Quarterly (Pajares 2003), points out that in his view of Bandura's social learning theory, individuals are believed to possess "self-beliefs that enable them to exercise a measure of control over th Continue Reading...
It is suggested that some of the linguistic facts are also better explained by a creole or creole-like history. The case is not conclusive, but the weight of evidence tends to support a creole-like origin for popular BP (Guy, 1981). Studies have al Continue Reading...
These results are quite striking considering that the mothers come from non-professional backgrounds and had no more than 12 years of schooling on average. Another study on low-income mother-child dyads shows that the rate of vocabulary production i Continue Reading...
Learning Theories of ELLs and School Culture Situated cognition theory; Situated cognition theory states that the knowledge that people possess is embedded in their activities, culture and context within which it is learned. This type of learning i Continue Reading...
Graff Asserts that literacy played a less significant role in the industrialization of American than was one thought. He argues that training people to read and write was not enough. Literacy alone was not enough to advance the industrialized nation Continue Reading...
Counseling and Psychotherapy: The acquisition of counseling and psychotherapy philosophy and framework starts is usually dependent on the personality of the counseling student and familiarity with the existing major approaches or techniques to ther Continue Reading...
Constraints What is the Theory of Constraints? There has been a continuous development of management from the time it was realized that it can be studied carefully to form a branch of knowledge and the individuals who had studied it generally perf Continue Reading...
Socio-Cultural Influences in ESL Socio-Cultural Influences in English Language Learning Learning a language is an extremely difficult process, especially if it is a second language that is being learned after am individual has already established k Continue Reading...
344). In his seminal work, Second-Language Acquisition in Childhood, McLaughlin (1985) reports that early research into language acquisition by preschool children suggested that interference between languages is not as inevitable or universal as wa Continue Reading...
Bilingualism's Effects On Children In 1989, Howard Gardner first proposed the theory of multiple intelligences. His theory posits that every human being is equipped with several kinds of intelligence that are interdependent. He developed his theory Continue Reading...
), there is far more to their use than simple memorization. Instead, as English moves into a lingua franca situation in global economics and politics, students of English need to understand idioms in order to respond and understand context as well as Continue Reading...
Sociolinguistics Defining Simplicity: Jamaican Patwa Defining Simplicity: Jamaican Padwa In sociolinguistics there is often a need to define phases of language development that are neither discrete nor simple. Yet it is also clear that these same Continue Reading...
This order is independent of many factors including the student's environment and exposure to a language (Schultz, 2005; Wilson, 2005). This suggests that with different languages students may learn at a different pace. One may also argue that diffe Continue Reading...
This can be seen with regard to the issue of codeswitching in bilingual children. As Scheu (1999) states, the effects of culture and context are extremely important in bilingualism. This refers to language choice as well as observed linguistic phen Continue Reading...
Perceptual Learning Style Preference in Learning English as a Foreign Language in United Arab Emirates Middle School Students Learning styles-centered education is influential at higher education organizations across the world. Learning styles are q Continue Reading...
Classroom Introduction- The way humans communicate and share ideas and concepts in society is complex. How are ideas conceptualized -- how are they explained -- how does discourse relate- and how do humans understand messages -- what is true about Continue Reading...
