Learning Theories Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning is the process of linking an unconditioned stimulus to a conditioned stimulus. The famous classical conditioning experiment by Pavlov resulted in a dog beginning to salivate whenever a Continue Reading...
Reward and Punishment The American system of justice is designed to ensure that criminal activity is punished and those responsible for crime are made to serve retribution for their choices. The system is based on the idea that it is better for 100 Continue Reading...
Conflict Theory & Social Control Theory: A Comparison Both conflict theory and social control theory have their similarities and differences. It is important to discuss and address those issues because both theories have been used as a way to ta Continue Reading...
Criminal Acts and Choice Choice theory plays and important aspect when accessing reasons contributing to criminal activities. The importance of the theory assist in coming up with strategies for reducing criminal activities. The importance of an und Continue Reading...
Labeling Theory of Deviance Labeling theory integrate well into radical criminology as it perceives criminal behavior to be defined by society. The powerful in the society like the judges, parents, police, to mention but a few tend to label the less Continue Reading...
Range Theory MID RANGE THEORY OF SPIRITUAL WELL BEING Middle Range Theory of Spiritual Well Being in Illness Nurse meta-theorists have recently been very much concerned about the different seasons of the patient's life, which has supported and pr Continue Reading...
Crime Theories Psychological theories of criminal behavior focus on the individual, rather than on contextual factors (as sociological theories of crime do) or on biological factors (such as genetics). Personality, traits, and cognitions are all cov Continue Reading...
Developmental Theory, Critical-Conflict Theory and Ted Bundy The Role of Behavioral Theory and Conflict & Critical Theory on Ted Bundy There are many theories that can be analyzed in order to try and explain why crimes occur. Among these theori Continue Reading...
Sociological Theories Perpetrators of hate crimes target their victims based on their perceived membership of particular social groups. These groups can be based on religion, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation and gender identity. Hate crimes are n Continue Reading...
Labeling Theory Criminality is an unfortunate but inevitable component of human society. As much as people would like to believe that there is a way to create a type of community that has no crime, psychologists and other experts in the field of cri Continue Reading...
Leadership Theories The step scholarly reading writing critical evaluation, apply a specific lens, context, criteria reach reasoned judgments articulate clear claims-based credible evidence. Evaluation shaped topic, audience, and lens. Critically Continue Reading...
McGregor's Theory X and Y: Douglas McGregor developed Theory X and Theory Y as models in behavioral science approach after assessing the existing theories regarding people's behavior at when working. The theories, which have become significant conce Continue Reading...
Individuals work half a day, or weekly based on the sharing arrangements. Split and sharing of the jobs leads to the organizations benefit, as talented individuals who are unable to work on a fulltime basis get an employment chance. Although adjustm Continue Reading...
Psychological Trait Theory in Criminology: The field of criminology can basically be described as the scientific study of criminals and criminal behavior since professionals in this field try to develop theories that explain the reason for the occur Continue Reading...
Sociological Theory: What Makes Democracy Work? When it comes to "Classical Sociological Theory" and "Contemporary Sociological Theory" there are numerous sociological theories that try to inspect and interpret why and how society purposes; looking Continue Reading...
Grief Freud's theory of Grief and bereavement Grade Course Id, Ego and the Superego or the conscious and the unconscious mind are some of the terms which are well-known by almost every individual. These words not only point out to the field of Ps Continue Reading...
Personality Theories in Psychology To the layperson, the term personality is a generic descriptor for an individual's traits. However, personality has a more specific meaning to psychologists. According to Dan McAdams, "Personality psychology is th Continue Reading...
Self-Determination Theory One interesting concept that comes up in many social science issues is that of self-determination. In the political process, the ideals of self-determination were popularized during the Enlightenment Period as a way to actu Continue Reading...
Developmental Psychology and Theories Developmental Psychologist and Theories Piaget's cognitive theory of development Jean Piaget developed the theory of cognitive development, which suggests there are four key stages through which children advan Continue Reading...
281). Those regularly spanked children were also six times more likely to "become juvenile delinquents, and later as adults, to use physical violence against their spouses"; it is also asserted in the research that those same children tended towards Continue Reading...
Rogers lists these qualities of experiential learning: personal involvement, self-initiated, evaluated by learner, and pervasive effects on learner. To Rogers, experiential learning is equivalent to personal change and growth. Rogers feels that all Continue Reading...
There's an understood supposition of opposing causal agency at work. No matter what pressures and factors came to bear, the addict could have done something else, but simply decided not to (Choice and Free Will: Beyond the Disease Model of Addiction Continue Reading...
According to Hoskins (2010), the legal foundation of punishment is morally challenging as it usually involves harsh treatment, sometimes morally unacceptable, to the offender. What makes it acceptable to subject an offender to such kind of punishment Continue Reading...
Punishment as such is viewed as a form of personal engineering, designed to produce better people through a process of re-education. (Curan and Renzeth, 1998) Davey in relation to the theory of rehabilitation argued that during the past twenty year Continue Reading...
Therefore, in response to criminal actions, the rules and laws of a system are developed. It is their presence that represents the glue of the social parts. One shortcoming of this theory however is the fact that it cannot explain the motivation be Continue Reading...
Theoretical Analysis: Julian Rotter Social Learning Theory Including Locust ControlBackground: Historical OverviewJulian Rotter was born in 1916 in Brooklyn, New York as the third son of Jewish immigrant parents (Walker, 1991). Rotters father had a s Continue Reading...
The popularized Skinnerian position concerning the inadequacy of punishment in suppressing "instrumental" behaviour is, if correct at all, only conditionally correct." Still other researchers such as Baron (1977) state that punishment can work unde Continue Reading...
History of Crime and Punishment in Europe 17C-18C This paper traces the history crime and punishment in Europe. It looks at the influences of that time the social and philosophical movements and how they affected the whole evolution of treatment of Continue Reading...
Death Penalty All indications are that capital offenses are on the rise and the response to this phenomenon has been a cry to impose capital punishment as retribution. Certainly the issue is one of the most hotly debated in the world today; both for Continue Reading...
A dog hits a lever when it sees a light that signifies that it will be shocked. A person takes medicine before having certain foods that he or she knows will cause a stomachache (Sidman, 2006, p. 136). Above, the differences between operant and cla Continue Reading...
cognitive psychology, learning theories are significant in both their variety and the different ways in which researchers approach "knowing." Within the sphere of cognitive psychology the cognitive learning theory is among the most popular areas of Continue Reading...
This in turn more often than not leads the stigmatized to acquire more and more deviant and possibly criminal identities (Lanier & Henry, 1998). There can, of course, be other antecedents prior to labeling that can enhance the process of delinq Continue Reading...
Too little, for what matters is that he knows he is being watched and too much, because he has no need in fact of being so (Alford, 2000). Bentham laid down the principle that power should be visible and unverifiable. Visible in that the inmate wou Continue Reading...
For instance a child performs poorly in examination and the parent decides to withdraw his promise to take the child to the zoo during the holiday. Positive punishment; it is a process by which stimulus is immediately added after a specific behavio Continue Reading...
However, there may be cases when a mild form of corporal punishment such as spanking on buttocks in a reasoned and caring manner, under certain conditions, may have beneficial effects. It is also my opinion -- and for this I am heavily indebted to C Continue Reading...
Psychology Personality Albert Bandura's observational learning theory, often referred to as the social learning theory has now become one of the most influential theories regarding learning and development. Bandura believed that it was not just rein Continue Reading...
Crime Punishment Philosophy Since the beginning of the 70s, the number of people inducted in jails and state facilities has increased to an astonishing level. In the present, more than two million individuals are serving jail time in either jails or Continue Reading...
They use a clear punishment and reward structure to get individuals to obey their instructions. Applying transactional leadership to Mr. Manager shows clear correlations. There are clearly defined punishments in relations to how professionals and pa Continue Reading...
The second reason punishment is handed out following a conviction is to appease the victim or the victim's family and let them know that justice was served. If someone is the victim of a crime they often feel violated and angry that someone could d Continue Reading...
The official motivation of the ruling which initially determined a two-year suspension for the students in question invoked the common good which is placed above personal interest. The practical evidence for such a concern is the "zero tolerance" p Continue Reading...
