) of about 9000. Some critics consider the numbers to be excessive and the proposed reduction in the number of Commissioners envisaged in the Lisbon Treaty in 2007 is a tacit recognition of criticism, but the Commission itself defends the numbers by Continue Reading...
In 1957, the Treaty of Rome led to the creation of the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) and the European Economic Community (EEC), which would become better known as the European Community. These early federations were direct predecessors Continue Reading...
European Union and Euro Currency Crisis One of the major long-term issues that have damaged the euro is the fear about whether the governments in Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Spain, and Italy will honor their $4.2 trillion debts (Burgen, 2012). Failur Continue Reading...
Moreover, without instituting the plan, without the United States putting its currency where its rhetoric was, it is unlikely that Europe would have accepted the so-called Truman Doctrine later on as willingly as it did, or the status of NATO and th Continue Reading...
1). Prior to market introduction of a GMO for commercial use in any part of the EU, notification must be sent to the competent member state authority where the GMO will be released (Council Directive 90/220/EEC, art. 11 (1)). Notification must inclu Continue Reading...
Because of this, Austria-Hungary reached out to Germany in order to make sure that if this happened that Austria-Hungary would not be alone. Germany was aware that any further toleration of Serbian maneuverings would weaken Serbia's continuation as Continue Reading...
A small but vigorous Communist party already experienced with underground work was the first to initiate clandestine operations. They set up front organizations and recruited members. By April 1942, they had recruited enough people to form a guerril Continue Reading...
Europeans Settling the Great Plains In the 1860s and 1870s, large numbers of European settlers made their way to the Great Plains. While they adapted and changed on some level, they also went to great lengths to keep and preserve much of their nativ Continue Reading...
World War I Tactics and Weaponry In many ways, the "War to End All Wars" was fought with a wide range of increasingly modernized weaponry that was matched with obsolete tactics that resulted in millions of deaths and casualties on both sides of the Continue Reading...
Even before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the U.S. government began targeting Japanese-American businessmen and placing them under arrest. Following Pearl Harbor, the efforts expanded beyond businessmen and targeted the whole of the Japanese Continue Reading...
World War Turning Point Europe, Significant Change Occurred Emergence Legitimate Revolutionary Regimes Self-Determination in Cuba There are few who would dispute the fact that following the conclusion of World War II and prior to its revolution (wh Continue Reading...
Xenophobia against people from the ethnic groups America was fighting rose in intensity. Much as French Fries became Freedom Fries for a brief period during the contemporary 'war on terror,' so frankfurters, a German dish, became the more America-so Continue Reading...
World War I: A Short History was written by Michael Lyons at a time thought by many to be the end of history: 1993. As such, his work proves to flow well and be carefully analytic, lacking the un-necessary bravado and patriotism to be expected of pos Continue Reading...
World War I's effect on literature This is a paper that outlines the effects of World War I on contemporary literature. It has 5 sources. The lost generation was a group of people who emerged after World War I. Shocked and torn by the seemingly sen Continue Reading...
Eight more countries join the EU in May, 2004 (Czech Republic; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Hungary; Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia); soon after, Malta and Cyprus are welcomed into the EU. In 2007, Bulgaria and Romania were welcomed as members of the Continue Reading...
These new laws applied to native-born Jews only; foreign, that is, Russian, Jews still suffered from restrictions. This division between native and foreign Jews was of importance then and still exists in present-day German law as it did in the days Continue Reading...
Increased regulations could take even this advantage away from the industry. Eventually, even the EU airline industry, despite its relative health in comparison to the United States, may chafe at the additional economic burdens it is being forced t Continue Reading...
"Lingering concern persists about the incorporation of 10 mostly East European countries last year, which some feared would dilute EU prosperity" (Rice-Oxley 2005). When Turkey desired to join the EU, member nations questioned its ability to be inte Continue Reading...
Thus, the ideas of mercantilism contributed directly to colonialism and a host of colonial wars and conflicts. No mercantilist state was averse to expanding into the markets of any other nation. Rather the goal was to contain as much of the product Continue Reading...
"Some also do grudge at the great increase of people in these days, thinking a necessary brood of cattle far better than a superfluous augmentation of mankind" (Harrison 1586). One way to ease the situation was to induce or force some to settle in t Continue Reading...
After the statement of the Truman Doctrine in 1947, both Greece and Turkey were provided with aid to counter the Soviet threat. When the war ended, circumstances in Greece were unfavorable to the maintenance of civil peace: EAM was in control of n Continue Reading...
World War II The Use of Atomic Weapons on Japan in WWII The Second World War officially began in 1939 with the evasion of Poland by Germany. The United States of America did not officially enter this international conflict of epic scale until the J Continue Reading...
World War II (Innovations) During wars, innovation was very important. It is defined as a means of introducing new procedures, strategies, responses, and structures as replacements for old, routine organization. Innovation supports structure and beh Continue Reading...
" (nd) the conception of Ringrose is one that was based upon "family, clan, and community allegiances. The links in such a network are stated to have resulted from "individual decisions and, in the aggregate, they constituted the inter-city transacti Continue Reading...
European Enlightenment revolves around the idea of freedom, of liberating people from false beliefs, false religion and from arbitrary authority (Hooker pp). Today the idea of liberation is common to international politics, yet the concept is roote Continue Reading...
After World War I, the Soviets evolved their own labor relations model, in which the employees were motivated and encouraged by the unions to work hard for increasing the production activities, the union introduced and promoted industrial discipline Continue Reading...
National debt and veterans benefits for example drove a permanent increase in taxes, although these were not as high as during the war. The country's international economic position was also permanently affected. Its pre-war status as a debtor count Continue Reading...
It was then that the newly arrived American Expeditionary Force (AEF) "met and turned back the German tide at Chateau-Thierry, Soissons, and Belleau Wood." (Henry 4) by the end of summer 1918, the American forces in France were sufficient to form th Continue Reading...
It is key to understanding the author's view of love and even her own status as a woman and as a thinker. Of course, the book can simply be read as a love story of infidelity and sexual liberty gone wrong in the face of an ever-changing political so Continue Reading...
When we look back at the rapid spread of the disease and the dramatic impact it had throughout Europe, we must remember that neither of these circumstances would have been possible without the existence of a well-established regional and intercontin Continue Reading...
European transition between traditional and modern. The writer concentrates on the organizational structure of the nations including industry. The industrial revolution has historically been portrayed as a major revolution and one from which a sudde Continue Reading...
Non-Western World by Western Powers: In the period between 1870 and 1914, Western powers took over the main portions of the non-Western world when there was considerable discussion and debate regarding the cause of this takeover. Despite the contro Continue Reading...
Wilson was one of the massive supporters of this League of Nations as he felt it would help in being responsible in preventing subsequent wars. One major aspect of the treaty of Paris in 1919 was that it contained the Treaty of Versailles, one which Continue Reading...
European Security and Defense Policy: Development and Prospects United States Attitudes toward European Defense The Background to the Dilemma: In December of 1991, the Soviet Union - Ronald Reagan's "Evil Empire" - ceased to exist. Communism was Continue Reading...
... In general, the further East one got, the slower new techniques were to spread. Thus there were supply-side reasons for grain exports from preemancipation eastern Europe to stagnate at a level far below what was ecologically possible" (Pomeranz 2 Continue Reading...
The explanation that the Non-Aggression Pact was an agreement in which Hitler ultimately exploited Stalin may not necessarily be accurate. There is even the supposition that Stalin was deeply hurt on a personal level by Hitler's betrayal. But in re Continue Reading...
The economic pragmatism that the Marshall Plan demonstrates for the United States is not necessarily as clearly observable form a basic look at history as is the containment of communism. The decades following World War II and the implementation of Continue Reading...
"Some Holocaust survivors have said that not only did the barbed-wire surrounding Auschwitz tremble and howl, but also the tortured earth itself moaned with the voices of the victims" (ISurvived.org). The first waves of prisoners arrived at Auschwi Continue Reading...
Neo-Functionalism the European Model The concept of neo-functionalism originated in the 1950s after the Second World War. During that time, the world was witnessing an emerging pattern of regional integration that saw countries especially in Europe Continue Reading...
Feudalism and Manorialism in Europe and Japan Europe and Japan together with other parts of the world experienced a period when politics was decentralized. During this period, loyalty was owed to a lord and combat was part of everyday life. Some of t Continue Reading...
