Ottoman Empire In 1683, when the Ottoman forces were besieging Vienna, the empire reached its high-water mark and then began its slow, steady decline after suffering a major defeat in this battle. Only very gradually did Europeans come to perceive i Continue Reading...
Dreams and Delusions: The Drama of German History Fritz Stern's 1988 book Dreams and Delusions: The Drama of German History (republished with a new forward in 1999), relies on a series of loosely-related essays in order to deal with Germany's ongoin Continue Reading...
" The book argues that the reality of history is a "ludicrously compressed and constricted warfare," Said continues; but indeed Huntington cannot grasp the notion that there are no strictly defined Muslim cultures but to make his book work he has to Continue Reading...
Nazi Policies Following their dramatic loss in the First World War, the people of Germany were suffering greatly, both emotionally and physically during the period of the 1920s and into the 1930s. The harsh stipulations of the Treaty of Paris forced Continue Reading...
McNamara chose to escalate the war, focusing on the body count to measure the progress of the war instead of U.S. progress in achieving its ultimate military and political objectives. (Halberstam, Chapter 22). Orwell's Experiences During the Interw Continue Reading...
German Fascism Fascism is arguably the most influential and controversial political ideology in modern history, and continues to be a fascinating topic for political study and discussion. Yet, despite fascism's worldwide existence and its responsib Continue Reading...
The Treaty was the agreement in Europe after World War I. It stipulated that Germany could not produce military machinery, so by ignoring it, Hitler created a massive invasion force by the time he was ready to invade Poland, and Britain and France e Continue Reading...
Rise of the Secular Turkish Republic It was in 1923 that the Republic of Turkey appeared on the face of the globe. The Turks consider the preceding years i.e. 1919-1922 as the years of their struggle for independence. The Turkish state that was form Continue Reading...
Rise and Fall of the Third Reich Birth of the Third Reich In this chapter, Shirer set the mood of the book towards his discussion of the future of Adolf Hitler as the leader of the Third Reich. The book portrayed Hitler as far from the powerful ind Continue Reading...
Espionage Burds, Chapter 19 Golden Age of Soviet "Illegals" Cambridge Five: Burgess, Blunt, Maclean, Philby and Cairncross These five were all discovered to be spying for the Soviets. Cairncross was never caught. He supplied Stalin with secrets Continue Reading...
Middle East Has the presence of oil in the Middle East had a significant impact on the peoples of non-oil-producing states in the region? If so, in what ways, exactly? Develop an argument with specific reference to AT LEAST TWO non-oil-producing st Continue Reading...
They performed in the battle very well and made them known throughout countries. The Battle of Amiens (1918) In 1917, the Canadians form a group of soldiers fighting on the Western Front and became the attack troop of the British Army. Microsoft E Continue Reading...
" History establishes that communities develop identities through economic and social necessity. A much more current view of nationalism than in Anderson might read as follows: The national world order is a distinct from, and in opposition to, othe Continue Reading...
In an unprecedented move, Khrushchev denounced many of Stalin's excesses and set about changing Soviet policy towards the developing world. This change, some call it flexibility, was the branch the Soviets offered to developing countries, like Cuba. Continue Reading...
Nevertheless, in the immediate period, due to the increasing prosperity, the Republican left started to benefit from the people's trust and this was proven as well by the elections in 1928. Moreover, the coalition formed by the German's people Part Continue Reading...
Those officials who did look at the question of Japanese intentions decided that Japan would never attack, because to do so would be irrational. Yet what might seem irrational to one country may seem perfectly logical to another country that has dif Continue Reading...
Nazi Germany (MLA). Nazi Germany Nothing conjures up the image of evil more than the period in German history known as the "Third Reich." Adolph Hitler and the National Socialist Party, Nazi, embodied the very image of evil and have become he stand Continue Reading...
In his study of the camp doctors, he noted, The willingness to blame Jews for Germany's troubles, making them "arch enemies of Germany." The nation was itself reduced to an abstract essence, threatened by its enemies and in need of sacred renewal a Continue Reading...
By the middle of the nineteenth century, the balance of economic strength had shifted entirely to western Europe and especially to Britain and France, which were then passing into the second stage of the industrial revolution that Turkey had hardly Continue Reading...
Pictures on the news of American flags being burned seem to appear more often than they used to. Perhaps my generation just isn't used to having our nation criticized to the extent that it has been since our response to September 11; we all know ther Continue Reading...
This form of Wilsonian idealism has been somewhat tempered by a more contemporary reformulation of idealism, social constructivism. " While is has shed the normative mantle of idealism, social constructivism does emphasize that social actors act not Continue Reading...
America, United Nations and the League of Nations All through its continuation, The National Interest of the United States of America has endeavored to recognize and assess the rational structures that motivate American Foreign-policy production. Al Continue Reading...
She was endorsed by President Teddy Roosevelt. Many women also worked for the U.S. Navy as clerical workers. The Army hired women to work as phone operators and nurses in the European theater, but playing the role as civilians. But women also worke Continue Reading...
Kazantzakis Freedom or Death Captain Michalis, the hero of Freedom or Death, was based on Kazantzakis' father Michalis, a traditional Cretan community leader and warrior in the independence struggles who fought in the 1888-89 rebellion. He also intr Continue Reading...
Under the next Emperor, William II, Germany took a more imperialistic course that led to a lot of friction with many of the neighboring countries, which was similar to the course that other European powers also took. After this took place the allian Continue Reading...
We are consuming too many of our natural resources and our use of fossil fuels threaten the survival of our planet. The developing world seems to placing further strains upon the earth, with no signs of abatement in population growth or industrializ Continue Reading...
Rather, it was more a question of magical thinking: Ben-Gurion wanted a place for Jews and his desire was sufficiently strong that it blinded him to the nature of Palestinian self-definition and identity. Another point that I will examine in greate Continue Reading...
Indeed, his tenure was contemporaneous with the version of "the sun never setting on the British Empire." As an educated man elevated in 1869 to peerage by Queen Victoria as well as a liberal Roman Catholic, Acton was able to comment on numerous tre Continue Reading...
Genocide The second most studied instance of genocide is the methodical killing of the Armenian population that lived in the Ottoman Empire during and following the First World War. However, there were also other ethnic groups that were targeted by Continue Reading...
When Serbia refused, Austro-Hungary declared war on Serbia, forcing the mobilization of Russia to prevent the destruction of Serbia. German forces mobilized in support of Austro-Hungary by prior agreement, and declared war on Russia in response to Continue Reading...
Race for Colonies in the Late 19th Century Although European imperialism had started in the 15th century when a number of European powers such as Spain, Portugal and Great Britain began to look for new settlements around the world, another great rac Continue Reading...
Conference Berlin consequences b) The History of Contemporary Africa Ever since parts of its region became colonized by Europeans (which began happening fairly regularly since the early part of the Anno Domini timeline), Africa has suffered an abu Continue Reading...
fall of the Soviet Union the United States has been often described as the world's only remaining super power. Whether this description is accurate or whether it truly matters, is open to debate but how the United States came to the point where it i Continue Reading...
A change of leadership and divisive social forces might pressure such hatreds into re-erupting, but these hatreds are still historical 'products.' A balance between history and psychology is needed to fully understand why mass political atrocities Continue Reading...
nations real? What makes them more or less real? Consider two concrete examples of the embodiment of national ideology. Are nations real? Because of their establishment in the political firmament of contemporary society, nations seem or 'feel' so Continue Reading...
S.-supported dictators. Thus, while the term "Arab" is useful for describing a particular group of people with a shared language, culture, and history, one cannot readily assume that all Arabs subscribe to a pan-Arabist ideology, especially in light Continue Reading...
Accordingly "the Hitler Youth movement emphasized activism, physical training, NAZI ideology, especially nationalism and racial concepts, and absolute obedience to Hitler and the NAZI Party. Indoctrinating children in National Socialist ideology was Continue Reading...
Imperialism Looking at late 19th century world history we see that a prominent trend was that of non-Europeans being dominated by Europeans. There were a number of ways in which this domination took place such as economic penetration and by annexati Continue Reading...
In this regard, Bartee (2000) points out that the Leipzig protest of January 15, 1989, was a good example of how social protest in the East was becoming more sophisticated and organized, with thousands of activists distributing leaflets calling for Continue Reading...
