Retired or dismissed soldiers were not subdued to physical punishments such as whipping, so police could do nearly nothing even in the case of open public aggression or hooliganism. Absence of alternative to heavy drinking in the army created such a Continue Reading...
Authoritarian Regimes Authoritarianism has been a historically produced phenomenon in reaction to state crises of political order. Its primary feature has actually been elitist dictatorship, with the periodic cult of character. It is a feedback to d Continue Reading...
In the Nineteenth Century, Mahmud II and Abdulmecid promulgated reforms that gave to millet the sense it has always had to Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Western scholars, diplomats, and politicians. The millet system furnished, degree of religi Continue Reading...
