Because Islam represented a threat to their power as a trading entity, Muhammad preached as a prophet faced with hostility by the established religious authorities of his time and place. His followers were gained under the threat of martyrdom, a fat Continue Reading...
Muhammad Ali in Egypt and the Influence of Napoleon
Services and Mission of Muhammad Ali Pasha
Reforms under the Regime of Muhammad Ali Pasha
Societal Reforms
Education Reforms
Westernization
Economic Reforms
Agricultural Reforms
Political Re Continue Reading...
The first five books were separated from the whole about 400 B.C. As the Pentateuch. Jean Astruc in the eighteenth century noted that the Pentateuch is based on even earlier sources. The two chief sources have since been identified in Genesis on the Continue Reading...