It may be necessary to start with continuous conditioning and gradually increase the fixed number of responses necessary for a reinforcer to be delivered. The nature of this schedule "produces a high rate of responding, with a pause after the reinfo Continue Reading...
The DSM explicitly "strives to be atheoretical, using merely observationally referent terms. The hope with this is to make the manual as acceptable as possible to professionals with different theoretical orientations (Gilles-Thomas 1989, Lecture 2). Continue Reading...
Psychology: Theories on Personality Freud and Jung: Differences on their Theories of Personality For many years, serious psychology students looking into explanations of personality, and scholars researching pivotal theories of personality, tended Continue Reading...
Psychology Developmental Stages Using Freud, Erikson, Or Maslow's Theories Development Stages of Life Prenatal and Infancy Early Childhood Middle Childhood Adolescence Emerging Adulthood Adulthood Late Adulthood Liberace was born in West All Continue Reading...
Self-Concept Maintenance The level of individuals' self-esteem can have an enormous effect on their performance and behaviors in the workplace. People with high levels of self-esteem will likely be more confident, assertive and accepting of constru Continue Reading...
The behavior conditioning arises from the punishment not being liked, and therefore the behavior is avoided. The last form of reinforcement, extinction, occurs when a reaction to a certain behavior is denied and removed, and resultantly the unwante Continue Reading...
Humanistic Psychology Humanistic psychology has made a tremendous impact on the overall field of psychology and the social sciences in general. Since Rogers first introduced the concepts of unconditional positive regard, the ideals of professional c Continue Reading...
Both observation and experiment provided the underpinning for Abraham Maslow’s theory of human motivation. Maslow (1943) posits, “man is a perpetually wanting animal,” leading to the constant striving to fulfill goals (p. 370). If a Continue Reading...
Theories Core concepts can be defined as the main components of any theory on which the theory can be formulated or a model can be designed. There are certain concepts which help in the development of nursing theories. There are theories and models Continue Reading...
Theory Compare and contrast at least three views on what constitutes a theory. Distinguish the related concepts of theories, such as hypothesis, paradigm, model and concept. Differentiating between hypothesis and theory The word hypothesis is a de Continue Reading...
PSYCHOLOGY as a SCIENCE Psychology is a relatively new field of science as opposed to the natural sciences because it was born out of the spirit of humanism after the Renaissance (Hergenhahn, 108). As a result, methods and norms in the field are sti Continue Reading...
Shame and Doubt, according to Erickson, children develop a sense of self-control as they control their bodily functions. This makes them feel confident and able to handle problems independently. But Tom's mother would not relinquish her control over Continue Reading...
In this, the individual does soak up the behaviors of those he or she is associated with. Yet, this is out of mimicking others behavior, with no regard for self gain. On the other hand, Bandura placed more emphasis as development being based on a ba Continue Reading...
Psychology Personality Albert Bandura's observational learning theory, often referred to as the social learning theory has now become one of the most influential theories regarding learning and development. Bandura believed that it was not just rein Continue Reading...
Psychology is an important field of study mainly because it can be used to enhance the lives of people as it increases an individual's level of self-understanding, well-being, and quality of relationships. The main reason for the impact of psychology Continue Reading...
" Dorothy deserves a lot of credit for the level of motivation she exhibits in the Wizard of Oz. When she gets to Oz, her primary goal is to reach the Wizard so that she can return home to Kansas. The motivation Dorothy exhibited to save Toto from th Continue Reading...
Psychology The Field of Psychology: An Overview of Foundations, Influence and Pertinence in Today's World One of the most fascinating and complex fields of study in today's scientific world is psychology, the scientific examination of human behavi Continue Reading...
Tolman's objective was to comprehend human mental processes by using experimental methods. Even though he used rats in mazes as his method, and was a behaviorist in his approach, he also included major ideas from Gestalt psychology. Cognitive maps a Continue Reading...
As explained by Gelles and Strauss in their works, "With the exception of the police and the military, the family is perhaps the most violent social group, and the home the most violent social setting, in our society. A person is more likely to be h Continue Reading...
Psychology The Conceptual and Theoretical Domains of Personality Psychology: Individual, Social, and Developmental Phases One of the primary goals of psychology as a social science is to explain and understand, through empirical methods and finding Continue Reading...
" (Teasdale, 1995, pg. 25) These elements are important, because they are showing how this form of treatment can be effective in dealing with patients that are recovering. The problem is, making sure that there is: consistent follow up and dealing wi Continue Reading...
However, they should also know what aspects of they reveal are confidential. An adolescent should know if he or she says that he 'hates his parents' that the therapist does not have a responsibility to 'tattle' to the client's parent, even if the pa Continue Reading...
Psychology of Adaptation Experimentation In order to understand the concept of adaptation in psychology, I conducted a number of experiments to demonstrate this theory in the "real" sensory world. First, I took a piece of very coarse sandpaper, th Continue Reading...
The loss of Buck precisely at the period of adolescence where Conrad most needed the security, companionship, and leadership of his older brother would have been extremely difficult for Conrad, even under more ordinary circumstances. The tragic coi Continue Reading...
Therapeutic communities are important and valuable tools, but certainly not for all patients. Often, the community is made up of a certain ward or unit of the hospital, rather than the entire facility. Clearly, some patients, such as those sufferin Continue Reading...
Psychology: Identification with a Group When a person finds himself or herself identifying with a group, there are usually several factors that influence those patterns of identification. Most notably, these are common factors such as race, ethnicit Continue Reading...
These memories have happened in the external world and they are remembered based on what has been experienced before (Explicit Memory Storage, 2004). Semantic memory is memory that is based on a person's knowledge. This knowledge can be factual or Continue Reading...
Psychology Testing The Impact and Importance of Psychological Testing Defining Psychological Testing A test is defined as a method or procedure for critical evaluation or as a means of establishing the quality, truth, or presence of something. (We Continue Reading...
Therefore, it is necessary to account for the acquisition of habits. Due to certain limitations of the behaviorism approach, there have been revisions to the theory over the century. For example, although behaviorism helped people to forecast, alte Continue Reading...
Important Theorists and their Contributions: Broca contributed greatly to the initial recognition of the importance of specific brain regions to particular aspects of human psychology and behavior in the middle of the 19th century. Shortly thereaf Continue Reading...
These stores then send information into Short-Term memory stores, which then send information into Long-Term memory stores. The believed that control process were performed in short-term memory which allowed information to be put into long-term memo Continue Reading...
" Hence, Ayan adds, with laughter, the lives of people with elevated levels of cortisol might be saved. Arguably that's a bit of a stretch, but for the purposes of his article Ayan is justified in using it. Keeping anxiety "at bay" through humor is Continue Reading...
As emotionally intelligent employees are reportedly more content, conscientious and committed in the workplace, businesses and organizations are repeatedly advised to recruit and retain these individuals. Abraham (2006), nevertheless, reports that Continue Reading...
The Rorschach test is comparatively less useful in the context of understanding ordinary psychological differences among individuals within the normal range of behavior, but may contribute more directly to identifying various organic psychological Continue Reading...
Self-Concept is what one believes about themselves. These beliefs stem from the notion of unconditional positive regard and conditional positive regard. Unconditional positive regard takes place when individuals, especially parents, demonstrate unco Continue Reading...
Humanism takes the position that the human intellect is sufficient to deduce moral principles and that all human beings have the same natural right to dignity and personal autonomy. The humanistic perspective does not absolutely reject the underlyi Continue Reading...
The second major category of neurosis consisted of the need to control those very desires, and so remain independent and even assert control over other people. This she called Moving Against People (Horney, 2003, p. 116). Horney had, from the beginn Continue Reading...
Whereas the behaviorist and psychodynamic models contradict each other in their fundamental assumptions and focus, humanistic perspective does not necessarily contradict behaviorism or the psychodynamic approach, except that it considers both of th Continue Reading...
In their book, Progress in Modern Psychology: The Legacy of American Functionalism, Owens and Wagner (1992) suggest that contemporary psychology reflects a common vision of the naturalistic framework that was first inspired by William James and late Continue Reading...
