Sexual Motivation Human Sexual Motivation Term Paper

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Freud, in fact, went as far as defining the energizing force (libido) of humans as sexual in nature (Demartino & Stacey, p. 4).

Like the instinct theory, the drive reduction theory, too, subscribed to the functional significance of actions. The difference, however, is that drive reduction theory suggested that physiological needs, or deficits, instigate behaviors that result in the offset of those needs. Hull, the chief proponent of this theory, hypothesized that "drives" were a motivational characteristic of need states, which result from physiological disequilibrium. Therefore, drives generate energy and instigate behaviors designed to return the organism to a state of equilibrium: "...a common denominator of all primary motivations, whether due to food privation, thermal deviations.

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..the action of sex hormones...." (Weiner, p. 87-92) Thus, the drive reduction theory explained sexual motivation as a drive, which resulted from a state of physiological imbalance caused by hormones.

The instinct and drive reduction theories were popular in early to mid-twentieth century thinking. Today, however, it is acknowledged that human sexual behavior can only be explained by a combination of physiological, psychological and environmental factors. As Tinklepaugh points out, "psychological factors are so marked in the human that they obscure a biological cycle...." In other words, the human sexual drive has become externalized (Demartino & Stacey, p. 26)

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