Sickle Cell Anemia Is a Term Paper

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If there is evidence of the sickle cell gene the tests will be repeated to confirm diagnosis (NIH). It is also possible to test the fetus for sickle cell anemia prior to birth through amniocentesis although this is not normally performed unless there is reason to believe the child will have sickle cell anemia due to the risk which this procedure presents to the fetus. Electrophoresis is performed on the blood to test for presence of the sickle cell gene as there are different patterns observed in those with sickle cell anemia than normal blood, as the hemoglobin present is Hb S. rather than the Hb a or Hb A2 which is usually present in normal adult erythrocytes or Hb F. which is usually present in fetal hemoglobin. When the blood sample of a sickle cell sufferer is examined under the microscope, the sickle shaped cells present an immediate diagnosis (SCIC).

THERAPY

The main problems which will put the patient at risk in sickle cell disease are the sickle cell crises. These are an issue not only to the severe pain which they cause but also due to the damage which the blockage of blood vessels can cause when they occur in or around an organ.

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Pulmonary complications are a particular problem for sufferers of sickle cell disease, which are caused in this manner. Bacterial infections are also a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in sickle cell sufferers as the function of the spleen is usually either compromised or entirely absent. Splenic sequestration is one of the most serious complications of sickle cell disease, in which the spleen swells and causes a significant drop in hemoglobin levels.

There is no generally accepted cure for sickle cell disease, although in a very small number of patients a bone marrow transplant may rid them of the disease. Therapy focuses on relieving the symptoms associated with the condition. This would include analgesia for pain such as NSAIDs and iron replacement for the effects of the anemia, and in severe cases of the condition blood transfusions may be necessary (NIH). Folate supplements are also given to meet the increased needs for blood cell production. Many sufferers are also advised to undertake occupational therapy and physical therapy to help with pain management. Hydroxyurea is the first drug which has been shown to significantly prevent sickle cell crises, and is therefore indicated daily in treatment (SCIC)......

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