Spoofing Roman Society in Art Hypothesis

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Roman Theatre1. Appeal to Slaves and Free Citizens\"Pseudolus\" held wide appeal across different segments of Roman society through its humorous depiction of social norms, clever dialogues, and the inversion of traditional roles. For slaves, the character of Pseudolus would be particularly appealing as he embodies the archetype of the servus callidus—a slave who is more intelligent and capable than his masters. The play humorously subverts the existing social order by allowing a slave not only to outwit the free characters but also to achieve his goals, offering a form of escapism and perhaps a subtle critique of the rigid Roman social hierarchy. For example, Pseudolus\' plot to secure Phoenicium\'s freedom through deception and his direct engagement with the audience (Act One, Scene 2) showcases his cleverness, and would have appealed to slaves by depicting one of their own in a position of control and influence. His plot to substitute the messenger with his own accomplice to trick Ballio unfolds in the interactions starting in Act Two (p. 42) where he concocts his plan.For free citizens, especially those of the lower economic strata, Pseudolus\' schemes against the miserly pimp Ballio and the subsequent victories could serve as a comedic reassurance that wit and ingenuity can triumph over wealth and power.
The scene where Pseudolus openly mocks Ballio…

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…the typical servus character. He jokes at the end, that since the audience would be unlikely to invite him anywhere he will not invite them for a drink, which he and Simo go to enjoy (p. 93). However, he does say: “But (1335) if you want to give us your applause and approve of this troupe and play, I’ll invite you for tomorrow” (p. 93) in his typical wit. Indeed, Pseudolus\' wit is not limited to his schemes; it thus also shines through in his use of language, puns, jokes, and clever wordplay, which adds to the humor of the play and shows off his intelligence and creativity......

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