Sport and Exercise Physiology Essay

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Total Length: 1496 words ( 5 double-spaced pages)

Total Sources: 5

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1. What are the similarities between Billy’s and Harry’s experiences of injury? (100 words/5 marks)

There are perceptible similarities between the experiences of injury faced by both Harry and Billy. Both of these athletes find it hard to come to terms with the injury sustained. Billy and Harry are unable to cope with the fact that this injury will negatively impact their competitive careers and aspirations. Both of these individuals have the fear that the injury would lead to a lengthy lay off from active competition and that this might result in losing a place in the team. In addition, there is the fear that such injuries might lead to a further spell of injuries in the forthcoming periods.

2. Discuss how psychological factors could have led to Billy’s injury. (300 words/15 marks)

There are different ways in which psychological factors could have resulted in Billy’s injury. According to Williams and Andersen (1998), stress is a fundamental factor in the origin of an injury. One of the aspects that research undertaken in recent decades has demonstrated is the role that psychological factors play in both the prompting and the prevention of sports injuries. Williams and Andersen (1998) delineate the stress and injury model, which categorizes the stress response as an event that is impacted by different antecedents. The authors provided a wide-ranging, interactional model delineating the psychological preceding factors of sports injuries, comprising of hardiness, sense of coherence, achievement motivation, sensation seeking, trait anxiety as well as locus of control. Within the scope of stress in this model, the history of stressors comprise of key life events, everyday hassles and also previous injuries. In recent times, Billy has been experiencing a great deal of stress. Notably, his mother has recently been diagnosed with a terminal illness and also his flatmate opted to move out of their space meaning Billy has to cover all of the financial expenses. In addition, Billy is facing a great deal of difficulty in understanding coursework of a subject in school. These psychological aspects could have given rise to the injury sustained by Billy.

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Imperatively, stress response is owing to facing a demanding competitive circumstance gives rise to an increase in the athlete’s muscle tension which, as a result, impairs motor coordination and diminishes flexibility. As pointed out, Billy sustained the injury because he landed strangely, and this could be owing to poor motor coordination. Furthermore, in the past year, Billy has experienced several injuries including hamstring strains and a dislocated shoulder. In addition, anxiety trait might cause the athlete to look at different circumstances as stressors, resulting in the proliferation of physiological activation and causing peripheral attentional lessening (Williams and Andersen, 1998).

3. Using either a cognitive appraisal model or a grief response model, discuss Billy’s psychological reactions to injury, taking into consideration what factors may have led to these reactions and what effect they may have. (400 words/20 marks)

The grief response model outlined by Tracey (2003) can be used to comprehensively discuss the psychological reactions that Billy had to injury. This bears in mind the different factors that might have given rise to these reactions and the different impacts they may have. In accordance to Tracey (2003), injury rehabilitation, especially the beginning stage of sustaining the injury, is linked with the extreme mood disruption and disturbance. She points out that athletes outlines a roller coaster of emotions, signified by feelings and sentiments of loss, diminished self-esteem, frustration and anger, in their endeavor to deal with their injury and subsequent rehabilitation. In the case of Billy, the initial reactions to the injury included frustration owing to the likelihood of a lengthy rehabilitation period. He is also angry because he might probably end up missing out numerous vital competitions. An additional reaction is the apprehension and worry of losing his position on the team. There is also the reaction of feeling useless to the team and a sense of disappointment for not being available for selection. More often than not, Billy has lost his temper and continues to be frustrated by the need to move around in clutches.

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