Sports Psychology: Annotated Bibliography Brunette, Annotated Bibliography

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(2011). Anxiety characteristics of competitive windsurfers:

relationships with age, gender, and performance outcomes. Journal of Sport Behavior. Retrieved September 4, 2011 at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb6401/is_3_34/ai_n58009371/

This article attempts to understand performance anxiety around what the authors of the article consider to be an 'extreme' sport. Windsurfing is considered a typical extreme sport because of its unconventional nature and the fact that it tends to take place outside of conventional competitive venues like gyms and enclosed sports venues. Rather than experiencing intense anxiety, windsurfers tended to show less performance anxiety, perhaps because they also rated higher in extroversion and emotional resiliency than athletes in more conventional sports. The descriptive study involved seventy-nine participants: 35 were male and 19 were female; 25 were regional-level competitors and all male. The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) was used to assess athlete anxiety and self-confidence levels along with the Sport Competition Anxiety Test. Findings indicated moderate stress anxiety, and the older participants had lower levels of stress anxiety. In contrast to other sports such as gymnastics, there was no difference between male and female windsurfer pre-competitive stress levels.

Sturm, Jennifer E. (2011). A comparison of athlete and student identity for Division I and Division III athletes. Journal of Sport Behavior.

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FindArticles.com. 04 Sep, 2011. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb6401/is_3_34/ai_n58009372/

The literature indicates a strong tendency for college athletes to strongly tie their identity to their role as athletes. This study attempts to understand the different degrees of athlete identification between Division I and III athletes. Previous longitudinal studies on male Division I basketball players indicated that players' self-identification as an athlete was much stronger than their identification as a student. The study used employed a 2 x 2 (Divisional Status x Gender x Class Level) non-experimental factorial design with two dependent measures: athlete identity and student identity. Divisional Status variables consisted of Division I and Division III status and male (N=121) and female (N=67) status. All participants were on a varsity team at the time of data collection (Freshmen = 63, Sophomores = 49, Juniors = 49, Seniors = 27). All students came from either a one Division I or one Division III school in the Midwest. The Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS) was used to assess athlete self-identification. The findings of the study confounded the original hypothesis -- both groups had an equal level of student and athlete self-identification, although females as a whole had weaker self-identification as athletes and stronger self-identification as students......

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