SPSS Study Description: List the Research Question Research Paper

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SPSS

Study Description:

List the research question for the study. The researcher is interested in looking at whether or not an appraisal from a person's manager regarding their job performance affects the person's self-esteem as measures on a self-esteem appraisal survey (SEM). According to the vignette while the researcher has managers give either a positive rating or a negative rating; he/she has no pre-experimental hypotheses regarding of how these specific appraisals will affect self-esteem (other than appraisals may affect self-esteem) and therefore the directionality of positive or negative ratings does not appear to be important in terms of the hypothesis.

Ma = Mb (Here the researcher is interested in the change on a measure of self-esteem from pre-to post intervention). Note to Customer: I'm using M. To represent mean here; it would also be correct to use the variance of the groups).

H1: Ma ? Mb

Variables. The independent variable is the feedback from the manager (either positive or negative), an ordinal discrete variable (if we assume a direction from negative to positive, but it is treated as nominal in the analysis). The dependent variable is a score on a measure of self-esteem, particularly the change in the score on the measure of self-esteem (SEM) following the intervention. The dependent variable is a ratio level discreet variable (considering you can score 0 on it). An interesting note is that the IV has two levels (positive feedback or negative feedback, a between subjects variable), but according to the vignette the researcher is not hypothesizing that positive feedback will increase self-esteem or negative feedback will lower it. The researcher is only interested in whether or not feedback changes self-esteem from a pre-to post score.

4. There are 50 individuals in the study; 25 per group according to the description.

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The overall measures of central tendency in the analysis (mean and median values) indicate relatively normal distributions of overall pre and post scores on the measures of self-esteem. The overall pre-SEM mean score is was 76.52 with a median of 74 (there were multiple modes). The range was 62-92. The standard deviation (8.12) indicates that scores were adequately distributed and the he skewness (.267; standard error .337) indicates a slight positive skew but that is insignificant (skew/standard error; Creswell, 2012). The post SEM score is a mean of 71.3, the median of 70, and a mode of 70 (basically a normal distribution) with a range of 42-98. The standard deviation is a bit larger meaning more dispersion in the distribution (13.93). There was a slight negative skew although this is not significant (skew = -.169: standard error, .337).

The pre-SEM score for the positive evaluation group indicated a mean of 78.08 and the median of 80 indicating a problem normal distribution. The range was 65 to 92. Standard deviation was 8.67 with skewness .146 (slightly positive but not significant; standard error = .464). The post-mean score for the positive group was 82.24 with a median of 83 and a standard deviation of 8.05 indicating a relatively normal distribution. The range was 69 to 98. Skewness was slightly positive (.233; standard error = .464) but not significant.

As the pre-SEM mean score for the negative group was 74.96 with the median of 74 and a standard deviation of 7.37 indicating a relatively normal distribution and could spread. The range was 62 to 90. Skewness was slightly positive (.257; standard error, .464) but not significant. The post mean for the negative group was 60.36 with the median of 61 and a standard deviation of 9.06......

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