Statistics for Counseling and Program Evaluation Essay

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Turner, Jarrod S. & David J. Leach. (2010). Experimental evaluation of behavioral activation treatment of anxiety (BATA) in three older adults. International Journal of Behavioral

Consultation and Therapy. 6 (4). Retrieved July 10, 2011 at http://www.baojournal.com/IJBCT/IJBCT-VOL-6/IJBCT-6-4.pdf

The 2010 article "Experimental evaluation of behavioral activation treatment of anxiety (BATA) in three older adults" from the International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy by Jarrod S. Turner & David J. Leach examines the use of behavioral activation treatment (BATA) in adults using a statistical analysis of self-monitored depression and anxiety scales. The experiment was conducted in an ABC research design format to evaluate a behavioral activation treatment on the reported anxiety levels of each participant. "The A phase was baseline; B. phase was treatment; and C. phase was maintenance/follow-up" (Turner & Leach 2010: 375). Statistically speaking, A, or the baseline phase, was used a 'control' measure for the experimental and follow-up phases.

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During the initial phase, patients were asked to report symptoms of anxiety and depression, as measured by The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI; Beck & Steer, 1990) a 21-item questionnaire designed to identify symptoms of anxiety. They were also subjected to the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, a 21-item questionnaire consisting of three 7-item self-report scales that identify the level of symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Rating scales are another commonly-used tool in statistical research, in this case allowing the researchers to measure increases or decreases in specific symptoms.

As well as these established measurements of anxiety and depression, the authors also used their own instruments, specifically created for the study. The Daily Anxiety Rating Scale (DARS) was used to rate anxiety levels at different times during the day and The Behavior Self-Monitoring Diary (BSMD) was an instrument designed to be a daily diary….....

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