Study of Intelligence Testing Essay

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IQ Testing

(Literature Review of comparison of 5th edition of the Binet Scale to the WAIS III)

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

Wechsler Intelligence Scales III

A vital part of psychology is the assessment of intelligence. Creation of socioeconomic background, various cultures, age and gender are part of today's testing. In this study, we compare the Stanford-Binet Fifth Edition (SB5) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (WAIS-III) in terms of intelligence assessment tools (Silverman et al., 2010).

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

Version five is the latest version of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (SB5). There are five cognitive factors in SB5 - fluid reasoning, visual-spatial processing, knowledge or crystallized ability, working memory in both the verbal and the nonverbal domains and quantitative ability, (Roid & Barram, 2004) and is based on a hierarchical cognitive model taken from Carroll's (1993) research.

The roots of the SB5 stems from the first intelligence test -- the Binet-Simon scale, that was propounded in the early 1900's. in the third edition of SB, there was the use of deviation IQ in the pace of ratio IQ. The fourth edition contained quantitative reasoning, verbal reasoning, short-term memory and abstract/visual reasoning (Silverman et al., 2010).

SB5 is a reliable tool and is well established. Excellent reliability is illustrated by the overall IQ score and the five Factor Index scores for internal consistency. While scores for the five Factor Index range from 0.90 to 0.92, the scores for the IQ range from 0.95 to 0.98 for reliability. SB5 was validated against evidence from many comparisons with other intelligence assessment instruments like WISC-III, Woodcock-Johnson III Test of Cognitive Abilities and Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale.

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There is a range of applications for SB5 in both children as well as adults. This tool was used by Taylor, Dearing, & McCartney (2004) for studying the development of intelligence in children based on economic resources of parents. Diagnosis of learning disabilities can be determined and predicted using SB5 based on two driving forces. The President's commission on Excellent in Special Education (2002) and the Disabilities Education Act (IDEA, 1997) are the two driving forces. Both the drivers demand intervention and special attention for learning with disabled children.

The applications for SB5 for adults vary greatly from aging to illness and from legal proceedings to injury. However, it is best suited for adults with learning disabilities and ADHD. Psychologist often uses SB5 for the determination of the validity of individuals seeking to deny the responsibility for their actions in the pretext of insanity or diminished capacity in courtrooms.

According to Cohen & Swerdlik, (2005), an important topic of discussion is cultural considerations in intelligence assessments (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2005). SB5 has faced extensive fairness reviews from the religious as well as ethnic perspectives. The fairness of SB% is also illustrated by the use of the Mantel-Haenszel statistical procedure (Li, 2015).

Researchers Roid & Barram (2004) claims that the primary strength of the SB5 intelligence assessment tool is the fact that both the 5 verbal cognitive and non-verbal cognitive factors are equally covered. However, the confusion of IQ scores is the primary weakness of SB5. While the SB5 IQ ranges from 40 to 225, the conventional IQ scale has.....

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