Victimology -- Voices of Victims: Discussion Chapter

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In that regard, optimal criminal justice functioning would be easier to achieve if law enforcement agents and prosecutors learned to better protect victims of crimes and other witnesses who cooperate with their investigations. Ultimately, this would increase the success of prosecutions by removing the greatest impediment to cooperation that frequently causes victims and other witnesses to decline assisting law enforcement investigations and prosecutions, especially in high-crime areas.

Theme #3 -- Penal Institutional Culture that Promotes Recidivism

The third theme is the insufficient emphasis on the welfare of offenders within penal institutions. Specifically, penal institutions are environments where the strong and ruthless prey on the weak and comparatively innocent. As a result, the penal institutional culture demands that offenders maintain gang-like affiliations, typically based strictly on race and on neighborhood identity on the streets.

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That mentality fuels violence instead of rehabilitation and also promotes the intensification of criminal inclinations, particularly among first-time offenders and others who arrive as non-career criminals. More often than not, incarceration increases the criminal mindset of offenders instead of decreasing it, thereby perpetuating criminality after release back into the community.

In that regard, optimal criminal justice functioning would be easier to achieve if penal institutions emphasized the protection of inmates from exploitation by other offenders, by separating career offenders from non-career offenders, and by devoting more resources to meaningful rehabilitation within penal institutions. Ultimately, that would reduce recidivism by allowing penal incarceration to provide opportunities for inmates to change negative habits and associations and to develop skills and mindsets conducive to successful reintroduction to society….....

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