Welfare History Dissertation or Thesis Complete

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Welfare History

Chapter 7 List the Specific Reforms that Roosevelt Obtained in 1935-36.

Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal took a 'Left turn' in the Second New Deal of 1935-36 after the Supreme Court had ruled several important First New Deal programs unconstitutional, particularly the National Recovery Act and Agricultural Adjustment Act. With the Social Security Act of 1935, FDR created the basis for a federal welfare state that provided old age pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to the disabled and impoverished children. Its benefits were modest and limited at first, and Southern Senators had insisted on the exclusion of agricultural and domestic workers, who were mostly black. In addition, it was funded by regressive payroll taxes rather than general revenue, partially because FDR wished to conceal its true nature as an entitlement (Jannsson, 2008, pp. 237-38). Almost as important as this New Deal centerpiece was the Wagner Act or National Labor Relations Act, which guaranteed the right of workers to organize unions and bargain collectively with employers.

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Big business strongly opposed this law and fought the wave of sit down strikes that followed when the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) unionized heavy industry for the first time in U.S. history. From 1935-45, union membership grew from three million to fourteen million, and organized labor became the most important component of the New Deal coalition (Jannsson, p. 242). One important feature of the Second New Deal that did not endure, however, was that Works Progress Administration (WPA) which provided federally subsidized public works jobs to the unemployed, 85% of whom had been on welfare during the depression. From 1935-40, nearly eight million unemployed received assistance through the WPA, as did college and high school students through its National Youth Administration (NYA) branch. Indeed, it was as a successful NYA administrator that the future president Lyndon Johnson first came to the attention of FDR (Jannsson, p. 245).

Chapter 8 List of the major programs of LBJ's Great Society

Lyndon Johnson had.....

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