Anatomy and Physiology Organ Systems Essay

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However, all muscles are ultimately controlled by the central nervous system. Because the muscles are attached to the skeleton, all skeletal movements can be traced back to the central nervous system. The integumentary system is one of the body's primary interfaces with the outside world. Together with the sensory system, the integumentary system interact with the central nervous system by communicating its inputs.

3. Homeostasis is the body's state of equilibrium, achieved via self-regulation. A state of homeostasis is best described as feeling "normal," when the organism is not cold, tired, hungry, frightened, or sick with disease. All the organ systems are implicated in the creation and maintenance of homeostasis. Each organ system specializes in some aspect of the body's ability to create and maintain homeostasis.

External forces such as viruses, bacteria, or sensory stimulation may upset the body's homeostasis. Thoughts and psychological processes can also affect homeostasis, which is why the mind and body are connected. The interface between mind and body is perceptible mainly in the nervous system but biofeedback and other tools reveal ways in which the mind and emotions impact other organ systems directly.

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One of the body's first lines of defense, and thus one of the primary means of maintaining homeostasis, is the integumentary system. The integumentary system is critical for maintaining homeostasis via "protection, temperature regulation, sensory reception, biochemical synthesis, and absorption," (Farabee 2001). The integumentary system works closely with the sensory system to provide information to the nervous system, related to homeostasis. For example, sensory or skin inputs send signals to the nervous system. Those signals might trigger changes in the body such as the presence of heat or cold creating sweating or shivering, respectively. Pain is another signal that can cause the central nervous system to work in tandem with the endocrine system to release certain hormones or chemicals. When fear is sensed, hormones like adrenaline might be released, which would then be transmitted via the bloodstream to the muscular and skeletal systems. The result is movement, either internal and unconscious, or overt and conscious......

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