Chronic Kidney Disease Effects Term Paper

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Chronic Kidney Disease

Over the last several years, the issue of chronic kidney disease has been increasingly brought to the forefront. This is because when someone becomes older, the more likely they will develop this condition. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) and the National Kidney Foundation, once someone reaches above the age of 50, there is a 50% of them becoming susceptible to it. As they increase in age, these probabilities rise dramatically, with the most likely individuals having the greatest chances of experiencing chronic kidney disease at 70 years old. ("2014 National Kidney Disease Fact Sheet," 2014) ("Kidney Disease Facts," 2014)

However, in spite of these issues, the CDC determined that there are number of variables which increase the odds of someone developing the condition. They found that lifestyle choices are one of the biggest factors, with the disease steadily progressing in the course of time. Commenting about these issues the CDC said, "Adults with diabetes or high blood pressure, or both have a higher risk of developing CKD than those without these diseases. Approximately 1 of 3 adults with diabetes and 1 of 5 adults with high blood pressure has CKD. Other risk factors for CKD include cardiovascular disease, obesity, high cholesterol, lupus, and a family history of CKD. Your risk of developing CKD also increases with age, as these risk factors are more common at older age. Men with CKD are 50% more likely than women to have kidney failure CKD can also lead to other health problems including the following: 1) the body can hold in too much fluid, which could lead to swelling in the arms and legs, high blood pressure, or fluid in on the lung lungs (called pulmonary edema). 2) The individual can also develop pericarditis, which is an inflammation of the sac-like membrane (called the pericardium) around the heart. 3) The potassium levels in the blood can go up suddenly (this is called hyperkalemia), which could keep the heart from working as it should. It can even lead to death. 4) The bones may become weak and brittle and possibly more likely to break. 5) The number of red blood cells can become low, making the person feel tired and weak. (This is called anemia). 6) The immune system can become weakened, which makes someone more likely to get an infection. 7) Patients may become depressed or have a lower quality of life. 8) There is the probability they can become malnourished." ("2014 National Kidney Disease Fact Sheet," 2014) These insights are showing how chronic kidney is something which can negatively impact the health of the individual as they become older. In many cases, the odds increase based upon lifestyle choices and genetics. As far as 40 to 60-year-olds are concerned, these issues can lead to greater chances of someone contracting the early signs of the disease and not knowing it.

To prevent this, requires developing an effective health promotion strategy. This will be accomplished by describing the prevention problem, how it applied to advanced practices, analyzing current literature related to interventions, selecting an appropriate health promotion model, designing an intervention strategy to address these challenges and evaluating its efficacy. Together, these elements will illustrate the most effective strategies for reducing the condition and the lasting effects it will have on patients.

Health Promotion / Disease Prevention Problem and Specific Population

The health promotion and disease prevention strategy is focusing on the 40 to 60-year-old demographic. These individuals are the most likely, to show the early warning signs of developing chronic kidney failure. This is because chronic kidney failure is subdivided into various stages. They are focused on looking at the Glomerular filtration rate (i.e. GFR). This is a test that is used to determine how effectively the blood is flowing through the kidney. The glmerular are tiny filters that remove waste from the blood. When they become less effective, is the point the kidneys will start to malfunction. This is the point; the individual will start developing signs which are leading to chronic kidney failure. During this process there are a series of five different stages that will be utilized to include:

Stage 1: This is when there is a GFR > 90 ml / min / 1.73 M2. In these situations there are structural issues which the kidneys such as: persistent microalbuminuria, proteinuria and haematuria.

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These issues are detected through ultrasounds and biopsy-based tests.

Stage 2: The GFR is 60-89 ml / min / 1.73M2. This when further kidney damage is occurring.

Stage 3: The GFR is 30-59 ml / min / 1.73M2.

Stage 4: The GFR is 15-29 ml / min / 1.73 M2.

Stage 5: The GFR is

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