particular violation is linked to Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Under Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. In accordance to this guideline, the SEC expects the company's management to be accountable for maintaining an internal control system over financial report. This is so as to offer sensible guarantee with respect to the reliability of preparing and reporting of financial statements for external users of such statements, comprising of the external auditors (SEC, 2007).
Failing to maintain accurate financial records
Management of a company is obligated to implement good governance and… Continue Reading...
$26.05 to $5.40 in one day. On October 19, 2001, Enron announced a debt of $9 billion, and filed for bankruptcy in November 2001.
2. How Enron's internal checks and balances Fail to prevent the Demise
A weak internal control was one of the strongest factors that led to the collapse of Enron Corporation. After the collapse of Enron, it was revealed that the internal control system of Enron was vulnerable. For example, the Arthur Andersen served as both the internal auditor and external auditor. However, there is a clear difference between the internal auditing and external auditing functions. The company merged the functions of the internal auditing and external auditing practice blurring a division between the method the company employed in assuring the completeness and honesty in… Continue Reading...
with the classification, collection, storage, monitoring, and conversion of the company’s data into information utilized for internal control and reporting (Smith, 2016). Once an organization adopts an Accounting Information System, they can keep accurate records, and manage the assets of the organizations properly. The management utilizes AIS to guarantee that there are suitable access and separation of duty controls. With such restrictions, the administration can hold the employees responsible for their interaction with the system. This paper delves into how the components and functions of Tesco’s accounting information system contributed to the 2014 fraud scandal.
Tesco’s Fraud Scandal
Tesco is popular grocery retailer with its head… Continue Reading...
have been created;
i. the retention, receipt and handling of complaints about accounting, internal controls on accounting or auditing issues, also known as "Accounting Matters", and any other issue within the Code;
ii. the undisclosed, anonymous presentation by employees regarding concerns about suspicious auditing or accounting issues or any other issue stated in the Code.
The Company shall not demote, dismiss, threaten, suspend, discriminate against or harass an employee within the terms of employment as a result of a lawful action by the employee with regard to reporting a complaint in good faith about auditing issues or any issue in the Code or… Continue Reading...
that the company financial statements and reporting to comply with legal, ethical, and regulatory requirements. Moreover, the committee oversees the internal control systems and data security. (Mukherji, 2002).
On the other hand, the Compensation Committee is responsible for reviewing and approving Board's compensation and company's executive officers. The Compensation Committee is also responsible for administering equity compensation plan for the Board member and perform other duties as being set forth by the company charter. The Nominating and Corporate committee are also one of the Apple's committees responsible for implementing a periodic reporting on the matter responsible for selection, identification, and qualification of Board members. (Adjaoud, & Ben-Amar, 2010). The committee… Continue Reading...
budgets, preparation of business plans, policy formulation and implementation, strategic planning, and other administrative controls. Internal controls should be exercised not give room for fraudulent activities. Boards should ensure the organization abides to the contractual and legal conditions provided by donors. Performing and reporting on financial audits facilitate organizational accountability.
Fund accountancy
The approach in fund accounting is to keep records of resources that donors, governing boards, legal entities or granting agencies provide limited ways in which the funds are used. Every fund has inherent balancing of the liabilities, revenue, expense account, and assets. Net assets and the fund balances are classified as unrestricted, permanently… Continue Reading...
continue. They also use retribution threats to ensure they maintain external and internal control in the community, and mobilization and thievery to acquire political power during campaigns in order to get immunity from prosecution and exposure (Dirks & Snyman, 2010). The activities of organized crime groups include gun running, kidnapping to get ransom, vehicle theft, smuggling, racketeering, prostitution, pornography, fraud related to credit cards, illegal gambling, narcotics trade, and insurance fraud.
Organized crime has domestic and global consequences on the economy, political environment, social environment, and commercial environments. Financial security, safety systems, and healthcare are some of the most adversely affected areas… Continue Reading...
not be able to determine if companies do adhere to these changes. The SEC does not have effective internal controls in place to ensure that it can monitor and identify compliance. SEC systems are not routinely patched making them vulnerable to external attacks. Audit trail of systems is lacking, which makes it hard to determine or follow-up in case of an issue. SEC systems are not using encryption for sensitive information. This makes it easy for an intruder to steal the information.
What are the merits of zero-based budgets (ZBB) compared with incremental methods?
Zero-based budgeting is a budgeting method that requires the current year's budget be prepared… Continue Reading...
Mottern (2008) writes that Dr. William Glasser's internal control approach labeled as 'Choice Theory' postulates that the following five fundamental needs drive all of human behavior -- a physiological need to survive and 4 psychological needs (belongingness or love or acceptance; authority or acknowledgement or accomplishment; independence, or individuality or choice; and learning or excitement or enjoyment. To sum up, choice theory basically suggests that one's behavior is one's own choice.
People develop all through the course of their lifespan. In this context, the term 'development' may be defined as: one's capacity of making progressively better choices… Continue Reading...
must obtain a sufficient understanding of the entity and its environment, including its internal control, to assess the risk of material misstatement of the financial statements whether due to error or fraud, and to design the nature, timing, and extent of further audit procedures" (AICPA, 2016).
Comparison of Responsibilities for Management and Auditor for Financial Reporting Continue Reading...
