International Leadership Style Is a Part of Term Paper

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International Leadership

Leadership style is a part of cultural distinctiveness. Among the western nations, American leadership style has been developed in the United States and the German leadership style embraced in Germany. France has it independent style. Likewise, in Asia a variety is present, and, Japan has promoted its independent distinctive style. Corporate leadership continues to be a quintessence of every nation's old cultural legacy. (Globalization and Japanese-Style Leadership) Since the bygone forty years, thoughts on management styles have been influenced primarily by the American management model and later by the Japanese. The fundamental supposition has always been the presence of a management model specific to a nation as an effect of the national cultural heritage. (In Europe, does national culture induce a particular management style

The United States follows the democratic system of governance and it is increasingly intricate to ascertain regarding the degree of authority centered at the apex and equalized by the authority of the serving population implementing their power by disengagement of their labor. The Taft-Hartly Act restricts the prerogative to call a strike, ostensibly transferring the accountability for announcing a strike from the factory floor to the Trade Union headquarters. A moratorium phase might be directed that postpones the starting of the strike by several months, in this manner providing the management and workers another opportunity to parley an agreement prior to getting involved in public altercation, providing both the camps one more opportunity to avoid massive national economic destruction which could otherwise happen. The comparative position of a nation with respect to another on the assessment appears quite apparent. The prerogative to strike is present and is used without hindrance but is restricted. Ownership belongs to private parties instead of being state-owned as in Russia and therefore we rank the U.S.A. far ahead towards the participative style of leadership. (Style of Management and Leadership)

The American management policy is base on the top-down decision making model, wherein the corporate strategies keep on changing following a change in the leadership. (Combining American and Japanese Styles: Is American-Style Management a Cure for Everything) Hofstede considers that leaders from the U.S.A. make it quite well in getting used to their style to the subordinates' better necessity for reliance. (American values in the French workplace - leadership styles of Americans working in France) A marked difference between the U.S. And Canadian leadership styles is evident on the more and more stress on continual feedback and motivation in the U.S. An employee serving in one of the Silicon Valley companies in a weekly meeting with his leader one way or another construed his appeal for further feedback regarding some of the reports the personnel had made as a request for a spontaneous performance appraisal, rather than a request for added input for the report. The employee was rather amazed with the outcome- the leader went on to narrate the employee how satisfied he had been with his performance till then, particularly taking into account that he had past experience in the category of post which he at present was occupying. This type of reaction was totally unforeseen. The employee also observed that there remains a persistently increased level of positive feedback within his company directed at every employee and from every stage of the corporate hierarchy. (U.S. Management Style)

UK follows a practical style of leadership. British leaders customarily stress upon social skills and practicality. Their courtesy, openness, self-discipline, and willpower are cultural assets. This guides them to be involved with interpersonal proficiency and advice. British leaders are more characteristic compared to their Portuguese or Spanish equivalents. Leaders are quite job-oriented and, reticent and courteous, thereby creating impersonal and proper settings for business dealings. In addition, British leaders possess a shorter-term viewpoint for their business development compared to the Swiss, Japanese and Germans. The leadership style of Italy, in contrast, has increased levels of autocracy with stress on the hierarchical pattern. Decision competencies are more focused on the top leadership, who is concerned with every facets of the business. In a nutshell, the Italian viewpoint of management stresses on dependence and dictatorship, personal relationship and a distinct hierarchical system which trims down disagreements. (In Europe, does national culture induce a particular management style

At this point we shall attempt to know about the German style of leadership. The answer to German pattern of leadership, we imply the unique, culturally entrenched leadership customs within Germany. German leaders are recognized for appreciating workmanship that is qualitatively superior and appear to be in unison to the shop floor.

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By and large, Stewart et al. discovered an increased level of appreciation for expertise on others inside German enterprises. This appreciation increases the possibility for mutually fulfilling relationships among organizations or resolutions. Maurice et al. discovered the assistance between different production jobs more in Germany compared to in France and Great Britain. The workers in charge of the maintenance of machines in Germany, for instance normally interact efficiently with the people handling the machineries. Enhanced solutions to problems can thus be carried out. Maurice et al. discovered that where German firms have a single stratum of regulation, British and French enterprises possess at the minimum two. In implementing the work, workforce in German organization is comparatively independent, due to the less commanding characteristic of the German leadership. Lane also observed that German employees apply increased job prudence compared to their European equivalents. (Glunk; Wilderom; Ogilvie, 95)

In Germany, a Vorarbeiter or foreman does the routine supervisory jobs. The foreman is a segment of the work unit and possesses scanty corrective but elaborate professional control. In France and Great Britain, these professional duties are more characteristically completed by the staff, to put it differently, by those further uninvolved from the routine line operations. In comparison to Anglo-Saxon leaders, changing jobs frequently is less and increased allegiance within the German organizational leaders. The normal term in one enterprise in German is eight years, whereas it is merely three in American enterprises. In contrast to their French associates, managing directors in Germany might have probably started their professional life in the enterprises in which they have risen through the ranks to be the Chief. Since several years a lot of German enterprises have applied the Stellvertreter theory. In these organizations, leaders choose and give training to their own people whom they have substituted. This increases the stability of arriving at decisions at the same time lowering promotion tactics and uncertainty regarding which employee is succeeding whom. Holidays, sickness, and other periods of nonattendance are covered by the appointed replacement.

A possible successor would, therefore, temporarily get a feel regarding his or her future rank. This tallies up the continuity of the assignment of the work which is otherwise completed by one's superior. At the time while a replacement policy is acutely executed, which is normally in Germany, it can protect smooth organizational functioning. The leadership at Germany maintains a positive attitude towards trade unions and work councils; they view them as balancing reasons for the German economy. Maurice et al. discovered that in contrast to their British and French associates; German leadership is less worried with labor row. Protecting the interests of laborers and guaranteeing good labor relations are economically crucial in case of companies of Germany. During 1970s and 1980s, German enterprises experienced a yearly average of just 41 days of closure, as against 453 for Britain, 234 for United States, and 67 in case of Japan. (Glunk; Wilderom; Ogilvie, 95)

The latest OECD statistics state that Germany has wasted lesser work days to strikes compared to any of the other big industrial economies. To the German leaders, it is job descriptions and definite methods, which are of crucial significance. The extent of formalization is comparatively high in case of German firms. It has been stated by Warner and Campbell that German leadership is not so eager to improvise, but adhere to principles and directives. Therefore, German leaders are inclined to work for the reduction of worries on the factory on a greater degree compared to leaders in a lot of other Western nations. This matches with Hofstede's findings that Germany ranked high on avoiding of doubts. The foreigners frequently disparage this German trait and its associated organizational behaviors. Newsweek referred to the demerits of too much thoroughness and over-regimentation in a writing titled "The Myth of the German Efficiency." (Glunk; Wilderom; Ogilvie, 95)

Several writers debate that German enterprises and particularly German leaders might be deficient in acclimatizing to new situations. Hill, for instance, points out a dearth of flexibility in the German camera and car industries. He comes to the conclusion that formalization in big German organizations has given rise to too much bureaucratic control, low levels of communications, and, in the final analysis ineptitude. But, Lane observes that the comparatively even structure of business enterprises signifies that bureaucratization and formalization are minimally developed. As opposed to the extremely bureaucratized and formal style of organization, the research by Maurice et al. sees it most….....

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