Multidrug Resistant Nosocomial Infections Phage Therapy Essay

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A Promising Strategy Against Multidrug-Resistant Nosocomial Infections


1. Public health experts have defined certain environments and specific pathogens for which alternatives to antibiotics will be particularly crucial.
0. What is a nosocomial infection? What is one reason why nosocomial infections are particularly difficult to treat? (4 pts)
A nosocomial infection is an infection acquired by a patient during a hospital stay or while receiving care in another healthcare facility (Blot et al., 2022). These infections are particularly difficult to treat because hospitalized patients are often immunocompromised, and the pathogens involved are frequently multidrug resistant.
0. What are ESKAPE pathogens, generally speaking? Which six bacterial species make up the ESKAPE pathogens? (4 pts)
ESKAPE pathogens are a group of bacteria that are known for “escaping” the effects of conventional antibiotics. They are responsible for many hospital-acquired infections and significantly contribute to antibiotic resistance.

The six bacterial species that make up the ESKAPE pathogens are:


i. Enterococcus faecium


ii. Staphylococcus aureus


iii. Klebsiella pneumoniae


iv. Acinetobacter baumannii


v. Pseudomonas aeruginosa


vi. Enterobacter species


1. Answer the following questions to learn more about phage therapy.

1. Broadly, what is the goal of phage therapy? (4 pts)


The primary goal of phage therapy is to use bacteriophage viruses that infect bacteria to specifically target and lyse (destroy) pathogenic bacteria, especially those that are resistant to conventional antibiotics (Lin et al., 2017).

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…necessitating the use of complex “phage cocktails.”
1. Phage therapy recipients are administered a “phage cocktail” consisting of multiple types of bacteriophages that all target one bacterial species. What is one reason we use a “cocktail” of phages, rather than a single type of bacteriophage? (4 pts)
A phage cocktail is used to broaden the range of targeted bacteria. By combining multiple phages, the treatment can cover a broader spectrum of bacterial strains and reduce the chance of bacteria developing resistance against a single phage type (Akram et al., 2023).
1. Phage therapy is not likely to be a replacement for antibiotics, but there are indications that the two therapies can be used synergistically to combat MDR infections. What does the term

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