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produces two catechol amines: norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E). The former is chiefly produced by the sympathetic nervous system's adrenergi neurons whereas the latter constitutes the chief secreted amine of the medulla (80%). Both are bound to alpha- and beta- adrenergic receptors. They alter cell activity (for instance, mobilization, quicker heart rate, adipose tissue fatty acids) by means of second messengers. Estrogen, andogren (or sex steroids), aldosterone, and cortisol are generated by the adrenal gland cortex. Aldosterone helps regulate the body's potassium and sodium balance. Rigorous exercise boosts aldosterone production. Cortisol reacts to numerous stressors such as exercise, ensuring the availability of fuel (i.e., free fatty acids… Continue Reading...
sets in following neuron insulation destruction (i.e., myelin sheath destruction) within an individual’s central nervous system (CNS) (Cengage Learning, 2013). Symptoms of the disorder start showing up at early adulthood, greatly impacting patients’ domestic, social, and professional lives. As the absence of myelin retards action potential conduct, the disorder is manifested as performance impairment, having a potential destructive influence on patient behavior. MS often entails a relatively progressive onset of behavioral deficiencies and neurological symptoms (Hoang & Shepherd, 2010).
Multiple Sclerosis and Nervous System
Chronic, advancing cognitive deterioration within multiple sclerosis has been ascribed to a neuro-pathological, neurodegenerative disease process (in other words, diffused… Continue Reading...
.....neuroscience is one of the most common scientific field of study that basically involves study of the nervous system. Most of the jobs in neuroscience involves dealing with some problems that do not necessarily involve working in the lab. An example of such jobs that interests me is neuropsychology, which is an area in neuroscience that focuses on the science of brain-behavior relationships. I find clinical neuropsychology as an interesting field of neuroscience since it combines concepts of psychology in the study of the nervous system, particularly brain-behavior relationships. Given the combination of neuroscience and psychology, clinical neuropsychology will enable me to feel empathy for my patients/clients… Continue Reading...
Introduction
According to Gutmann et al. (2017) neurofibromatosis is a group of three conditions whereby tumors grow in the nervous system. These conditions are neurofibromatosis type I (NF1), neurofibromatosis type II (NF2), and schwannomatosis. It is considered to be a genetic disorder of the nervous system. Neurofibromatosis mainly affects the development and growth of nerve cell tissue. The tumors can develop anywhere in the nervous systems including spinal cord, brain, and nerves. These tumors are mostly noncancerous, however, there have been instances when they do become cancerous. The most common condition is NF1. Schwannomatosis is the most recent and it is a rare type of neurofibromatosis. Little is known… Continue Reading...
particular defect is unique because it is characterized by problems in the central nervous system (CNS) and it has a low death rate. The causes of this medical condition are quite difficult to determine as they are subject to hereditary and environmental elements. Simply put, Spina Bifida refers to a situation where the spinal cord is not fully developed. In extreme cases, the spinal vertebrae could be so badly formed that the delicate spinal cord is left unprotected. In most cases, the spinal cord suffers damage due to this. The baby could suffer from reduced brain function and poor transmission of commands to… Continue Reading...
prognosis. Possible mechanisms whereby psychological health impacts physiological health include autonomic nervous system and immune system activity, hemodynamics, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: providing insight into the physiological links between mental states and cardiovascular health.
In a systematic review of literature published in the American Journal of Hypertension, Cohen, Edmondson & Kornish (2015) showcase recent research on the connection between mental health in general and cardiovascular disease. Both epidemiological studies and smaller-scale empirical research have “firmly established a connection” between cardiovascular health and specific mental health states linked to stress including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The authors summarize the findings… Continue Reading...
used to produce each of the three main neural cells located in the central nervous system. Another type of stem cell that is being investigated is the mesenchymal stem cell, which can come from the bone marrow of the patient, and which are then injected into the spinal cord. These are just two types of trials being conducted today (Spinal Cord Injuries, 2015).
All of this research indicates that stem cells are helpful in rebuilding spinal cords after injury -- but more studies need to be conducted, of course -- and that is where you come in. You could make a significant contribution to… Continue Reading...
various body systems responsible for performing these mechanisms such as the respiration system, nervous system, urinary system, reproductive system and the endocrine system. Khan Academy (2018) defines homeostasis as the propensity to oppose changes for the sake of maintaining stability and an internal environment that is relatively constant. Homeostasis entails loops for negative feedback responsible for counteracting changes in the property of several target values, commonly referred to as the set points (Khan Academy, 2018). The loops for positive feedback, on the other hand, are responsible for amplifying the stimuli for initiation. These loops are responsible for stretching away from the starting point… Continue Reading...
police brutality can be construed of as a learned response to stressful situations. The stress response is “located both in the central nervous system and the periphery,” involving the release of hormones that either mitigate the stress or exacerbate it (Charmandari, Tsigos & Chrousos, 2005, p. 259). In this way, violent responses to the daily work of policing are a learned response to stress. In fact, research shows that repeated exposure to stressful stimuli leads to “increased vulnerability to stressors,” something that may certainly happen to police who do experience stressful situations regularly on the job (Charmandari, Tsigos & Chrousos, 2005, p. 259). Given this, a behavioral physiological perspective would suggest that… Continue Reading...
growth of the brain and central nervous system, for example, is also paralleled by corresponding changes in the ways the child processes and responds to sensory input (Lightfoot, Cole & Cole, 2009). Infants also exhibit rapid changes in the ways the bones and muscles are developing, dependent of course on nutrition and also genetics (Britto, Lye, Proulx, et al. 2017).
Toddler and Early Childhood: The Preoperational Stage
The next stage in Piaget’s model of childhood development is known as the preoperational stage. During this stage, the child exhibits increasing sophistication in terms of emotional, psychological, and… Continue Reading...
diabetes is the result. Diabetes is a metabolic disease that can do much damage to the body’s organs and nervous system. This happens when the glucose produced by the liver as a result of consuming food is unable to be absorbed by tissues; the tissues naturally use the glucose for energy but if they cannot absorb it, they begin to break down fat and protein, which gathers along with the glucose in the blood, harming the body.
One type of drug used to treat type 2 diabetes is Humulin N, which is insulin isophane—a man made form of insulin. As insulin is responsible for lowering the sugar levels in… Continue Reading...
nervous system).… Continue Reading...
source was created in order to evaluate the strain on the nervous system of girls working in department stores and how it pushes them into prostitution. From the modern perspective, it does seem a strange connection to make—but Chicago more than one hundred years ago was a much different place from what it is today, and people in society were much less used to the urban stressors and conditions at that time. The study identified it as “the whole tendency of modern life” (Vice Commission of Chicago, 1911, p. 271) and argued that this tendency was leading to the development of… Continue Reading...
brought by the loss of function of the central nervous system and inability to coordinate muscles effectively, which in turn contributes to cell death. Similar to the other neurodegenerative disorders i.e. Alzheimer's and Parkinson diseases, dementia is caused by toxins, genetic factors, chemicals, and viruses. Dementia is commonly associated with depressive symptoms because of its disruptions in cognitive, emotional, and… Continue Reading...
disappear and the newborns start gaining control over their behavior. Physical development also continues as the brain develops. The nervous system and muscles mature with the growth of the infant leading to finer skill development. Motor skills (basic physical skills) include crawling, sitting, grasping and trying to reach objects, walking and running. Motor development follows a certain universal sequence although there are little exceptions (Shaffer &Kipp, 2013).
The infants are more competent than they appear. They can identify the voice of the mother and possess other sensory capabilities shortly after birth. How good is an infant's eyesight? Newborns like to look at some stimuli such as faces more than… Continue Reading...
as the period preceding and storm, and the hours before midnight (Students notes, 2017). Affintities include glands, mucus membranes, the nervous system, skin, as well as muscular and connective tissue.
Pulsatilla
Pulsatilla nigricans is more commonly known as windflower, a meadow anemone, or the tears of Venus, and comes from the ranunculaceae family. The plant is used to treat allergic reactions including hay fever, asthma, yeast infections, diarrhea, suppressed menstruation, tearfulness, and melancholy (Students notes, 2017). The ameliorates include cold food and drink (Students notes, 2017).. Notability, cold drink may aid with symptom reduction even if the patient is not feeling thirst (Students notes, 2017). In addition, cold being applied,… Continue Reading...
at a number of nervous system levels, by means of receptor-based direct mechanisms, and have therapeutic properties (such as analgesia, immunomodulation, neuro-protective, anti-oxidative effects, anti-inflammatory effect, regulation of tumor growth, and glial-cell modulation), which can be applied to treat individuals suffering from neurological disorders. Furthermore, cannabinoids are found to be amazingly safe, without overdose potential (Should marijuana be a medical option?).
Marijuana's clinical benefits have been widely recognized, and no scientific study… Continue Reading...
