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not uncommon among children. As a result of the prevalence of arthritis among children and adults, understanding the pathophysiology and symptoms of this condition has emerged as an important component in proper diagnosis and treatment. This paper examines the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in relation to the similarities and differences between the two conditions. The analysis includes a selection of two patient factors that could impact the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.
Pathophysiology of Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Arthritis is an umbrella term that refers to different conditions involving inflammation of the joints such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Dewing et al. (2012) states… Continue Reading...
boys exhibit greater asthma risk whilst among adults, women exhibit greater prevalence. A grasp of the condition’s pathophysiology (both acute and chronic forms) will facilitate an understanding of how to diagnose and treat patients suffering from it. Experts’ asthma pathogenesis knowledge has greatly evolved during the past twenty-five years with scholars discovering several phenotypes of the condition (Lynn & Kushto-Reese, 2015).
Pathophysiology of Acute Asthma
Acute asthma intensification, or asthmatic attacks, take place through binding of inhaled antigens to mast cells performing immunoglobulin E (IgE). These cells start degranulating, thereby releasing bradykinins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, platelet-activating factors, histamine, interleukins, and other inflammatory mediators which lead to airway muscle… Continue Reading...
Scenario 1:
The main factor of the pathophysiology for Jennifer is a marked pain in her throat. Her throat has become sore, specifically her cervical nodes (which is a sign clearly indicative of disease). Thus it is difficult to eat, which explains why she neglected to eat her breakfast. Another capital aspect of Jennifer’s pathophysiology which is particularly revealing is her fever, which is common in children (de Pont, 2015, p. 2). Initially her fever was low grade. However, in just a matter of days it exceeded 103 degrees. Her body is attempting to counteract the effects… Continue Reading...
Comparison of pathophysiology of CVI and DVT
The pathogenesis of CVI is not completely understood; however, it's based on both venous reflux and obstruction; or an amalgamation of the two. Though venous reflux is actually based on a number of mechanisms, the key elements are venous valve ineffectiveness, vessel wall swelling, hemodynamic elements and additionally venous hypertension. These systems could be further exasperated by dysfunctional pumping devices (vascular and/or muscle pump), for example, in inert patients or even individuals with stiff joints (Goerge and Santler, 2017). Similarly, Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) is… Continue Reading...
create age appropriate, culturally appropriate, and gender appropriate treatment interventions. After a brief discussion of obesity pathophysiology, this paper will evaluate standard practices at local, state, national, and international levels. Access to care and treatment options also determine disease outcomes. Therefore, this paper will also address the core factors involved in public health strategies and health policy.
Pathophysiology
Defined clinically as “an exaggeration of normal adiposity,” obesity is the condition of being excessively overweight based on quantitative measures like body mass index (BMI) (Redinger, 2007, p. 856). However, the pathophysiology of obesity is also linked to ancillary factors like metabolic and immune dysfunction. BMI alone is… Continue Reading...
arm or jaw, light-headedness, nausea, diaphoresis, weakness, and epigastric pain (Singh & Grossman, 2017).
3. Assessment
Pathophysiology: ACS’s underlying pathophysiology is partial reduction in heart musculature blood flow, normally secondary to thrombus formation and plaque rupture, or occasionally to vasospasm without or with underlying atherosclerosis. This leads to reduced flow of blood to heart musculature (partially), subsequently leading to ischemia and infarction of the area (Singh & Grossman, 2017).
Such syndromes’ underlying pathophysiological mechanisms commence with atherosclerosis, developing and progressing for several decades before acute event occurrence. Atherosclerosis is a low-grade inflammation of mid-sized arteries’ inner lining (intima), speeded up by widely-recognized risk factors like elevated… Continue Reading...
the patients by hyperventilation, which induces in hypoxemia and results in respiratory alkalosis (Gelb & Nadel, 2015).
The pathophysiology mechanism for acute asthma exacerbation is almost similar to that of chronic asthma, the bronchial airways are compromised and this causes resistance in the airway. However, there are many cells that contribute to this hypersensitivity of the airway in acute asthma exacerbation. Some of the cells that are included are T helper 2 lymphocytes, dendritic, B lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and mast cells. During an acute exacerbation, these cells will react differently with a latent release of inflammatory cells, which causes bronchospasm, edema, and an increase in secretions. Acute… Continue Reading...
Pathophysiology—Down Syndrome
Introduction
Down Syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that can produce a range of intellectual and physical defects in the individual. Depending on the phenotypic variation, these defects can be more or less severe for some than they are for others (Karmiloff-Smith et al., 2016). It is the most common genetic disorder in the U.S. and the most common cause of learning in young children. It can also lead to other health-related issues and complications such as heart as well as gastrointestinal disorders (Mayo Clinic, 2018). This paper will… Continue Reading...
Disorders of the Veins and Arteries
Pathophysiology of Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Deep Venous Thrombosis
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) pathophysiology is either the obstruction or reflux of venous blood flow (Gujja, Wiley, & Krishnan, 2014). The perforating veins valve normally functions by preventing the reflux of blood from the deep veins into the superficial veins. CVI occurs when there is venous hypertension that is caused by incompetent valves. Venous blood will escape from its normal antegrade flow path and it refluxes backward into the veins of an already congested leg. After prolonged standing, the individual's veins… Continue Reading...
to present.
In basic terms, the pathophysiology of both IBD and IBS differs one person to the other on the basis of a several factors including, but not limited to, age, gender, race/ethnicity, and lifestyle (Story, 2017). Some of the more common symptoms associated with IBD include cramping and pain in the abdomen, bloody stool, diarrhea, and bowel movements that happen to be rather urgent and frequent (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - CDC, 2018). Other symptoms could include weight loss, decreased appetite, and constant fatigue. Similarly, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cramping are present in… Continue Reading...
serious. Some patients may even slip into a coma. Subclinical symptoms are much less and less severe (Athanassiou & Ntalles, 2010).
Assessment
Pathophysiology
Hypothyroidim is an endocrine disorder condition that can be treated easily using thyroid replacement therapy. The dosrder has been noted to persist in some patients despite having been subjected to levothyroxine. In such a setting, it is of importance that the possibility of gastrointestinal malabsorption, pancreatic disease, nephrotic syndrome, heart disease, liver disease, absorption interference of other drugs or pregnancy (Wilder, Bravenboar, Herremans, Vanderbruggen, & Velkeniers, 2017). T3 and T4 are secreted from the thyroid gland. While T4 is exclusively produced in the thyroid glands, T3 is secreted from… Continue Reading...
Pathophysiology
Cysts often emerge as one Bartholin’s gland complication, impacting the ductal area on account of outlet blockage (Antvorskov et al, 2014). Obstruction of the gland duct opening results in mucus accumulation, in turn resulting in cystic duct dilation and eventual cyst formation. Cyst infection then tends to occur in gland abscesses. Duct cysts aren’t a precondition for abscess development. Abscesses are nearly thrice more common as compared to duct cysts and Bartholin's gland abscess cultures frequently reveal polymicrobial infection (Lee, et al., 2015).
Bartholin’s gland lesions may develop as… Continue Reading...
may be due to a poor understanding and definition for feeding intolerance. Various factors are thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of FI. Biochemical and functional maturation of the GI system normally occurs gradually over the last trimester of pregnancy, however, in the preterm infant, mechanical function, enzymatic digestion, hormonal responses, bacterial colonization and local immunity are impaired (Fanaro, 2013). Delayed gastric emptying and reduced motility resulting in abnormal sphincter tone is attributed to the immaturity of duodenal motor function and the absence of coordination between the antrum and duodenum (So, Ng, & Fok, 2003). As a physiologic consequence, infants born prematurely have many of the symptoms associated with FI… Continue Reading...
