The Hawthorne study was a couple of different studies where efficiency experts changed different variables – in Hawthorne this was the lighting in the plant. They hypothesized that more light would lead to an increase in output, and it did. But Continue Reading...
d.). A need also frequently serves to answer the question motivational psychologists regularly ask as they explore motives that impel the person people to do what he/she does: "What drives people to do the things they do?" Basic concepts of motive in Continue Reading...
Guarding against stasis while allowing employees to have a sense of control and mastery are some of the important lessons to be learned from these theories. Still other theories of motivation allow for individual differences in what does or does not Continue Reading...
RELEVANCE OF MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Contemporary Relevance of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Maslow's hierarchy of needs has represented a theoretical touchstone within the field of organizational management for decad Continue Reading...
Figure 1 below highlights briefly Hertzberg's two factor theory applications to the Southwest Airlines. Figure 1: Hertzberg Two Factor Theory To complete the analysis, the hygiene factors related to dissatisfaction should are considered to be:- W Continue Reading...
It is also possibly one of the most significant motivational factors among young people. Zuckerman refer to disinhibition as follows. "These who choose to follow a conventional lifestyle might periodically escape by engaging in social drinking..." ( Continue Reading...
Literature Review / How Organizational Theories Improve OperationsOrganizational theories provide a framework for understanding how businesses operate. By understanding the different types of organizations and the way they function, managers can make Continue Reading...
Workplace Motivation This paper investigates the issue of motivation as it applies to an organizational setting. The research regarding motivation in the workplace has been a major area of investigation that is of interest to corporate leaders, man Continue Reading...
It cannot apply exactly to any individual."(Durkheim 1982, pg. 82) This is illustrating how social science is a way of objectively analyzing society. It is different from other disciplines by showing how it is seeking to look at different collective Continue Reading...
Motivation in Behavior a) What does Tolman's theory of animal learning tell us about the motivation for human learning? Unlike John Watson, B.F. Skinner and the other strict behaviorists, or the Russian physiologists like Ivan Pavlov, Edward C. Tol Continue Reading...
Until that time, the lower classes, as they were known, would produce most of what they needed at their own homes, and the upper classes would simply employ the lower classes to produce whatever goods they needed and subsequently purchase them, or e Continue Reading...
Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a more current theory than classical psychotherapy. This theory is based upon the reaction of the mind to external stimuli, and how this is internalized. The cognitive reaction to stimuli then manifests as behavior. Continue Reading...
Since phobia can be developed through classical conditioning, many experts reason that the same conditioning techniques would be useful in helping people get over their phobia. Phobics usually manage their fears by avoiding the objects that make t Continue Reading...
Theories Sociology has been defined s the scientific study of human interaction and, as such, is accepted as a scientific activity (Leming 1997). Social science aims at discovering and explaining observed events of and in nature by means of a framew Continue Reading...
Individuals work half a day, or weekly based on the sharing arrangements. Split and sharing of the jobs leads to the organizations benefit, as talented individuals who are unable to work on a fulltime basis get an employment chance. Although adjustm Continue Reading...
At the level of the individual worker, motivation and job satisfaction among other things, generate a sense of security and confidence. Moreover, it offers them the opportunity for flexibility where they are able to apply varied approaches in meeti Continue Reading...
Personality Theories in Psychology To the layperson, the term personality is a generic descriptor for an individual's traits. However, personality has a more specific meaning to psychologists. According to Dan McAdams, "Personality psychology is th Continue Reading...
For example, Tocqueville was able to explain 18th century European aristocrat behavior by looking at social consequences. Like Tocqueville, Marx believed that they could explain individual actions by looking at subconscious class interests. Frey has Continue Reading...
Thus instrumental condition would rely on the notion that a person generates a response rather than an environmental stimulus. I have found that both people and stimulus may elicit certain behaviors both in and outside of the classroom. Instrumenta Continue Reading...
A dog hits a lever when it sees a light that signifies that it will be shocked. A person takes medicine before having certain foods that he or she knows will cause a stomachache (Sidman, 2006, p. 136). Above, the differences between operant and cla Continue Reading...
Contingency theory, which emerged in the 1960's ("Management History"), holds that a management practice or reaction to a situation must depend on a compatible fit between an organization and the individual situation itself: It calls for fitting th Continue Reading...
Adlerian Theory in depth and apply it to a specific counseling case with a diversity theme. This paper utilizes five (5) scholarly articles related to the Adlerian Theory and creates a fictitious client case with an inferiority complex and proposes Continue Reading...
Organization Theory and DesignAbstractThis paper explains the various theories of organization and design by looking at historical theories, modern theories, symbolic theories and postmodern theories. It then compares and evaluates six major concepts Continue Reading...
Adlerian Theory This report will explore Adlerian counseling psychology theory as it relates to professional student development. The Adlerian viewpoint will be compared and contrasted against the views of Cory, Halbur and Tan, all three of which of Continue Reading...
c. Other theorists (Modern Attachment Theories) Upon the establishment and strengthening of Bowlby and Ainsworth's Attachment Theory, other theorists have developed new studies which either tested the theory or sought to apply it in different cont Continue Reading...
Perception The Classical and Active Theories of Perception The only world that truly exists for any of us is the one inside our brains. Each of us experiences the world in our own special way. Our world is made up of our experiences and perceptions Continue Reading...
Abstract Dozens of research studies have supported the hypothesis that personality traits change as one becomes older. However, what triggers these changes in personality traits? How do these changes take place? This paper investigates some of the an Continue Reading...
War: Vietnam The concept of 'Realism' has been one of the most important and dominating theories that has come into force, especially after the World War II. The theory has not only been responsible for guiding international relations but has also Continue Reading...
Learning Theories Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning is the process of linking an unconditioned stimulus to a conditioned stimulus. The famous classical conditioning experiment by Pavlov resulted in a dog beginning to salivate whenever a Continue Reading...
Keynesian Theory Neoclassical economists are naturally more reluctant than Keynesians to concede that capitalism as a system might be dysfunctional or that markets might be irrational and inefficient, leading to cycles of boom and bust, mass poverty Continue Reading...
leadership theories and how they are influencing an organization. As, we carefully examine the different ones and discuss how this will impact the long-term sustainability of the firm. This is the point that we can determine how and when these diffe Continue Reading...
Conditioning Classical and operant conditioning are types of behavioral learning. Subsets of behavioral psychology, classical and operant conditioning show how a subject (animal or human) can exhibit relatively permanent changes in behavior due to c Continue Reading...
Sociological Theories Perpetrators of hate crimes target their victims based on their perceived membership of particular social groups. These groups can be based on religion, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation and gender identity. Hate crimes are n Continue Reading...
Dahl's Theory Of Democracy The two articles have defined Dahl as the role model in democracy research and the most eminent figure in the field of modern science. The articles reveal that Dahl has adequate knowledge in democratic issues specializing Continue Reading...
classical conditioning by Pavlov and its current use in treating anxiety The paper focuses on the development of classical conditioning being used, as suggested by Pavlov, in treating anxiety through using fear-induced techniques. The paper talks a Continue Reading...
Theory Classical psychoanalysis is the most challenging of all the psychotherapies in terms of time, cost and effort. It is usually conducted with the patient lying on a couch and with the analyst seated out of his/her sight, to hear what the patie Continue Reading...
The mixture of public and private endeavors and effects that many bureaucracies, especially those related directly or indirectly to various governments, has made this effect even more apparent, to the point that many bureaucracies can be seen as alm Continue Reading...
Cognitive behavioral therapy with Classical Freudian Analyses How do therapists with each of these persepectives view the client and clients problem? Let's take the following problem that I recently encountered: The situation of a child being estr Continue Reading...
Therefore, in response to criminal actions, the rules and laws of a system are developed. It is their presence that represents the glue of the social parts. One shortcoming of this theory however is the fact that it cannot explain the motivation be Continue Reading...
Psychoanalytic Theory and Behavioral Theory There are numerous types of psychological theories and with them approaches for modifying human happiness and behavior. Psychoanalytic theory and behavioral theory are two of the most overwhelming and nota Continue Reading...
