Synthesize Research Articles Article Review

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Total Length: 849 words ( 3 double-spaced pages)

Total Sources: 3

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Synthesis Matrix

Article 1: Gray, Kruse, Tarter, et al. (2016)

Article 2: Mintzes, Marcum, Messerschmidt, et al. (2013)

Article 3: Peppers (2015)



Type and purpose

Purpose is testing the role of institutional supports on PLCs in a low-income school district. Empirical and quantitative method uses surveys but not an experimental design.

Purpose is to explore effect of sustained PLCs on self-efficacy in science teaching; using mixed methods including a non-equivalent control group experimental design

Qualitative (narrative ethnography using interviews); Purpose to assess teacher perceptions before and after implementation of PLCs

Hypothesis and research questions

Enabling school structures, collegial trust, and academic emphasis will all be linked to strong PLC, and all three of those variables will also correlate with each other.

Do PLCs improve elementary science teacher self-efficacy? The authors hypothesize the affirmative in accordance with social learning theory.

Exploratory (no hypothesis); Questions related to how to best design and implement PLCs, and whether they promote teacher professional development.

Population and sample

Aggregate data from 67 schools

116 elementary school teachers in experimental group; 61 in control
8 teachers at a large suburban high school; demographics not revealed

Methodology

PLCA instrument used, along with other surveys for the three independent variables measured on a Likert scale

Compare teachers with PLCs and without over three years; Use of TSI instrument plus interviews

Face to face in depth interviews

Findings

As hypothesized, a supportive environment, institutional supports, and academic emphasis allow the emergence of PLCs in a low income school.

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The PLCs did result in quantitative improvements in self-efficacy

PLCs are beneficial for teacher professional and leadership development.

Points of Convergence and Divergence

Point 1: Theoretical Orientation

Structural and industrial/organizational psychology

Bandura’s social learning theory

Constructivism

Point 2: Specific outcomes of PLC

Impact of structural issues on PLC

Self-efficacy

Leadership and professional development

Point 3

What factors help the school as an organization promote PLCs

What PLCs mean for improving teacher performance

How PLCs promote individual personal or professional goal achievement

Point 4

Promote positive vision for PLC development

Promote positive vision for PLC development

Promote positive vision for PLC development

Analysis of Findings

All three of these….....

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