Theories Presented in Understandable Narrative Essay

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In addition to an automatic evaluation, there needs to also be a "reflective evaluative process" in order to store information from present experiences for use in future experiences (Cunningham, et al., 2007). Basically this theory is that "reflective evaluative processes" are created (based on experience) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which takes the formulation of evaluation to a higher level, beyond attitude and beyond basic emotional responses. In other words, the PFC house learned "rules" and they play a key role when humans evaluate situations.

Affect and Proto-Affect in Effective Functioning

Andrew Ortony and colleagues posit that when humans process different levels of information four "relatively independent domains" are in play and help functioning processes; those four are: affect (value); motivation (action tendencies); cognition (meaning); and behavior (the actions of the organism) (Ortony, et al., 2005, p. 173). Within those four levels the authors break functioning down to three components, the heart of their theory: a) "reactive level" (responses to "unconditioned stimuli," the simplest forms of conditioning); b) "routine level" (this level interrupts "higher-level processing" when unexpected conditions or emergencies are encountered); and c) "reflective level" (this level effectively monitors any activity at all three levels; it is operating at a high level of understanding but it doesn't receive "direct sensory input" but rather it monitors activity and inhibits certain activities "at the lower levels" (Ortony, 197).

In conclusion, the way humans respond to stimuli -- through emotions, attitudes and experiences -- is a fascinating field of study and has produced some interesting and esoteric research.

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Reviewing the available research from the literature is an exercise in expanding the student's mind, which after all is one of the pivotal points in education.

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