Toxicity of Pesticides and the Ecosystem Research Paper

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Common PesticideIntroductionChlorpyrifos is a pesticide that has been widely used in agriculture for many years. However, recent studies have shown that it can be harmful to human health, particularly for children. The pesticide works by attacking the nervous system of insects, causing them to become paralyzed and die. However, it can also have a similar effect on humans, causing neurological damage. Studies have found that children who are exposed to chlorpyrifos are more likely to experience developmental delays and problems with their IQ. As a result, the use of this pesticide is now being restricted in many countries (Gander, 2021; US EPA, 2022). While it is still used in some agricultural applications, it is important to be aware of the potential risks associated with chlorpyrifos exposure. A common pesticide used in the US is Eraser, which contains the chemical chlorpyrifos, the main active ingredient that blocks an enzyme and prevents messages from moving from one nerve cell to another in the targeted pest (Gander, 2021).Four CornerstonesThe four cornerstones of xenobiotic pharmacokinetics are absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Each of these processes is affected in different ways by the pesticide chlorpyrifos.Chlorpyrifos is absorbed through the skin and gastrointestinal tract. Once absorbed, it rapidly distributes to all tissues, with highest concentrations in the liver, kidney, and blood. Chlorpyrifos is then metabolized in the liver by oxidation and hydrolysis to form active and inactive metabolites (CDC, 2017). The active metabolites bind to cholinesterase enzymes, resulting in inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity.

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This leads to accumulation of acetylcholine at nerve endings, which causes overstimulation of the nervous system and ultimately death of the targeted organism. Excretion of chlorpyrifos occurs primarily through the urine.MetabolitesWhen chlorpyrifos is applied to crops, it is ingested by the pests that…

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…effects on the environment, particularly when it breaks down into its metabolites. While some studies have shown that chlorpyrifos can be safely degraded by bacteria and other organisms, others have suggested that the metabolites of chlorpyrifos may be more toxic than the original compound (Gander, 2021; US EPA, 2022). There is still much uncertainty surrounding the issue, but it is clear that further research is needed to assess the potential risks of using chlorpyrifos in agriculture. However, there is enough evidence in my opinion to suggest that chlorpyrifos has been linked to a range of health problems in humans, including neurological effects, and is thought to be particularly harmful to developing fetuses and young children. In addition, chlorpyrifos is likely toxic to animals, birds, and fish, and can persist in the environment for long periods of time (Gander, 2021). For these reasons, I would say that….....

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