Tuberculosis Prevention Capstone Project

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Tuberculosis vaccine has been around for decades. However, tuberculosis is still one of the most significant reasons for death globally. Furthermore amidst the still developing nations, tuberculosis has not decreased, with cases on the rise annually. Measures to prevent tuberculosis must be taken. Recent studies and articles relaying information on better medications, and increased efforts towards prevention has led to potential decline in tuberculosis cases. Within the next decade, hopes are for Africa, where tuberculosis diagnosis remains high, to also see a decline. Notwithstanding these developments, full scale-up of tuberculosis and HIV cooperative undertakings remains perplexing and evolving drug-resistant tuberculosis is slowly becoming a key threat.

Morbidity and Mortality Statistics

This article review will focus on existing information on tuberculosis cases to better understand the spread of tuberculosis globally. It will contain articles that examine the failure of national programs to address treatment and diagnosis of tuberculosis which adds to the annual death rates of TB. Along with an evolving drug-resistant strain of tuberculosis, the latest research focuses on new vaccines and treatments to counteract the evolving disease. There needs to be a visible improvement in diagnostics when it comes to TB therefore some articles will also be presented discussing new diagnostic tests and screenings.

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"In 2008, an estimated 440,000 cases of MDR tuberculosis emerged globally. India and China carry the greatest estimated burden of MDR tuberculosis, together accounting for almost 50% of the world's total cases" (Nathanson et al., 2010, pp. 1050-1058).

Literature Review

In an article by Zumla (2013) author discusses new and original drugs and treatments for all forms of TB such as Bedaquiline. Bedaquiline is approved by the FDA, however is not recommended for all TB patients as it does have serious adverse reactions. While on the medication, they may experience headache, chest pain, and nausea. Ever since the 1960's there hasn't been much change in way of treatments and vaccinations. However this article highlights emerging ones. Such programs that involve testing TB medications and getting them FDA approved are likely to employ both repurposed drugs and new biological mechanism. More than a few of these treatments are now succeeding through clinical trials. Zumla covers present ideas and modern developments in TB drug innovation and growth, including an update of continual TB regimen trials, newer clinical trial proposals, TB biomarkers and aide-de-camp host-directed therapies (Zumla, 2013, pp. 388).

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