Turkish Revolution As Defined by the Six Essay

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Turkish Revolution as Defined by the Six Arrows of Kemalism

The Turkish Republic

On October 29th, 1923, the country of Turkey was proclaimed a Republic and Mustafa Kemal was elected its first President, with Ismet (Inonu) as the first Prime Minister. In many ways, this was the natural result of Turkey's war for independence against the Ottoman Empire, however the appointment of Kemal as President proved to have vast and -- in many cases -- unexpected ramifications for Turkey and its people.

The decision to proclaim Turkey a Republic was considered "premature," by many Independence War veterans, to include Huseyin Rauf, Ali Faut, Adnan, Refat and Kazim, as "calling the state a republic did not in itself bring freedom and that the real difference was between despotism and democracy, whether under a republican or a monarchic system.

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Meanwhile, many Turkish cities -- particular the conservative Istanbul in the east -- were emotionally attached to the dynasty and feared for the future of the caliph; a fear that proved to be warranted when Kemal abolished the caliph position and ordered all former dynasty members out of the country on March 1st, 1924. Abolishing the caliph -- a religious and largely symbolic position -- was merely the first of several secular-minded reforms under the Kemal regime.

Now referred to as the "Six Arrows of Kemalism," this regime was founded on the following six principles:

1. Republicanism: Kemal and his supporters recognized no other political party aside from the Republican Party, believing that a Republic best represented the will of the people.

2. Populism: Kemal replaced the ancient traditions of Turkey -- to.....

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