and so on. Issues that fall under environmental health are air pollution, water pollution, pesticides, chemical spills, and other areas (Laroque, 2009). Because of the risk of these areas negatively impacting human health, there is a need to monitor environmental health areas. One major area of environmental health that desperately needs surveillance is the quality of the air in urban areas near major airports. As Schlenker and Walker (2015) point out, airports are responsible for some of the highest concentrations of air pollution in the nation. An as West et al. (2016) show, air pollution is the cause of millions of premature… Continue Reading...
Water Pollution (2001), this tanker was grounded when the ship hit a reef that was three meters below the surface of the sea. As a result, a tear in the tanker’s hull caused an oil spill that is estimated to be not less than 10% of the 70,000 tonnes it was carrying.
The occurrence of the NATUNA SEA incident had considerable impacts on the sea, especially in relation to oil spill, which generated numerous concerns in the shipping industry. One of the immediate effects of the NATUNA SEA incident was… Continue Reading...
urban centers are not the only places impacted by pollution. Water pollution can affect not just areas with high population densities but also rural regions. Polluted water can also impact the integrity of food sources, as agriculture requires access to clean water. Food shortages are not, however, localized to the regions experiencing water pollution or drought. As Adebobla (n.d.) points out, the international food trade has led to interdependence among nations. Africa and Asia, for example, depend on certain types of grain… Continue Reading...
employ ESG factors for improved risk management and generation of surplus returns.
1.1. Background
Traditionally, ESG problems and externalities like air and water pollution, unethical corporate practices, inferior work environments, etc. negatively affected stock prices and business functionality only in extreme scenarios. Consequently, organizations often overlooked them in their normal investment appraisal policies and practices. In the same way, externalities also weakly influenced organizational executives' behavior owing to the lack of a perceptible feedback loop driving organizations to react to their non-financial problems and associated opportunities and risks to the company. Non-governmental organizations and regulators generally took care of negative externalities (Trunow and Linder, 2015).
However, the past twenty years have witnessed… Continue Reading...
