Fakes & Forgery in Classical Literature Epic Fake? Forgery, Fraud, and the Birth of Philology A set of epigrams in the Planudean Appendix to the Greek Anthology record the trope that even in antiquity seven different cities contended for the ri Continue Reading...
Hebraism and Hellenism The old debate between the values of so-called 'Hebraism' and 'Hellenism' is manifest in our culture today. Hebraism, according to the Victorian scholar Matthew Arnold is defined as putting 'right doing' over 'right knowing.' Continue Reading...
Covert Action One of the key changes of the late 20th century, certainly enhanced in the early 21st, is that of the economic, political, and cultural movements that broadly speaking, move the various countries of the world closer together. This idea Continue Reading...
It was simply not modern or wealthy enough to withstand such strong economic pressure. In 1917 the first of two major coups occurred; the Tsar was imprisoned and later executed, a Civil War erupted eventually resulting in the emergence of the Bolshe Continue Reading...
South Vietnam, it believed, could be a base for the desired ability to mount military and economic operations throughout the globe and regardless of the insidious presence of communist influence, a premise which stood in direct contrast to Ho Chi Mi Continue Reading...
In January 1942 the military became impatient with a lack of a single military application being developed appropriated, and was recategorized. Still, it was understood that the potential for energy was vast enough that funding continued under the k Continue Reading...
Once the buffalo hides had been cleaned and stripped, and dried in the sun, the thick hair was stripped off and the hides were made supple through a process of soaking, and rubbing with various substances. They were then smoked over a fire to give t Continue Reading...
Most of the Jews who had settled in the Austro-Hungarian Empire were in the hinterlands, and were as poor as their neighbours. In those provinces where Jews could own land, there was a requirement that the Jews live on and work their land -- in ord Continue Reading...
Therefore, dramatic as they were in their own right, the revolutionary changes represented by the Renaissance, the Industrial Revolution, and various wars of independence would likely have transpired, even if at different times and perhaps in differ Continue Reading...
Spurred on by European colonialism, nationalistic fervor, and fear of immigration, the new science of race dug deep roots into European mass culture. "Scientific racism," or "race science," referred to the ideology that differences in human behavior Continue Reading...
The inability of some workers to comply led to absenteeism. More repressive measures were introduced, such as records of tardiness, poor workmanship and charges of sabotage against the Five-Year Plan. Violators could be shot or sent to forced labor Continue Reading...
According to editors of Architectural Science Review (2002), "The name Colosseum was entirely appropriate. It had the height of a modern twelve-storey building, and the people in the top seats had a great deal of climbing to do. There were vast spac Continue Reading...
Although no American would have hoped for war, the complete industrialization of formerly fallow aspects of American industry enabled many Americans to become financially independent again, and proved particularly personally empowering for many wome Continue Reading...
[15] The United States saw that this must be prevented at all costs due to Greece's connection to the economies of Western European and United States. Furthermore, with Greece's strategic position in the Mediterranean region and proximity to the Midd Continue Reading...
" It was also a pivotal tool in discovering the Russian nuclear missile sites that sparked the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. The U.S. also gained spy satellites in 1960, and combined with the U-2 and other tools, American technological superiority b Continue Reading...
' [Millin (1808-10), 1, pp. xvii-xviii.] Wedgwood was no ordinary entrepreneur. During his lifetime, he made use of anything and everything that could help him advance swiftly and produce faster. This included the use of the steam engine. He also us Continue Reading...
However, Marcuse equates political art to "revolutionary" art, and feels it is an important, even vital part of any culture. He writes, "The most revolutionary work of art will be, at the same time, the most esoteric, the most anti-collectivistic on Continue Reading...
Even so, both parts of the Empire retained their Roman identity while incorporating local cultural influences. The Roman era legacy was the single most important factor in the development of a distinctive Western European culture. Latin language (f Continue Reading...
34). The Renaissance man is also literally well-rounded: he should be agile and strong, with "shapely" limbs (Castiglione, p. 30, line 26). Renaissance women must also fulfill specific requirements. Though they should develop their bodies as well as Continue Reading...
Beginning with the major arch of the Stanze that frames the entire piece, there recedes a series of concentric circles that focus down to the archway that frames the two central figures. This can be seen as a nearly literal rippling effect of the wi Continue Reading...
" (David: 165) Other important studies were conducted by J.E. Harris and K. Weeks (1973) and Harris and E. Wente (1980) and they provided "further information about mummification techniques such as arm position, presence of artifacts, and brain remov Continue Reading...
Babylon and Yellow River Valley Civilizations Compare and Contrast Political Religious and Social Aspects The history of the ancient world is mainly the history of the five great civilizations: Egypt, Babylon, China, Greece and Rome. These civilizat Continue Reading...
Those officials who did look at the question of Japanese intentions decided that Japan would never attack, because to do so would be irrational. Yet what might seem irrational to one country may seem perfectly logical to another country that has dif Continue Reading...
Nevertheless, the remnants of Anglo-Saxon gods can be still heard in the English days of the wee: Tiw, god of war, gave way to Tuesday, Woden, the god of storms, wisdom, and the dead, became Wednesday, and Frige, love-goddess, took berth of Friday. Continue Reading...
The Golden Bull of 1356 fixed the number and identity of the electors. And while the Empire finally received an orderly method of choosing its sovereigns, the power of these sovereigns had largely passed from the center to the periphery. The old emp Continue Reading...
Consequently, the social distinctions were not as static as their European counterparts. Religion was also a major aspect of Aztec life and it has become, perhaps, what they are best known for: The Great Temple was a place for human sacrifice. Pri Continue Reading...
Merger Wave There are many factors that contribute to today's economic global status. Economic evolution did not happen over night and one can look to history to analyze trends and practices as proof. It is unfair of historians to try to pinpoint o Continue Reading...
Also at the center of the decision was de Valera's dealings with Britain regarding partition and a struggle to further party representation in six county seats. He remained strong on his view of how this should play out strategically with Churchill Continue Reading...
As an historian and a citizen of that democratic city, Thucydides was faced with a task no less daunting -- how to make the saga of a losing war seem like a triumph, or at least seem interesting and relevant, rather than something Athens wished to f Continue Reading...
World War II Russian campaign was the culminating event of World War II. German aggression against Soviet Union was an extremely fierce battle ever took place in human history. German troops met new kind of enemy in vast fields of Ukraine and swamp Continue Reading...
Free were the Ancient Greeks to Live their Lives as they Chose? The period covered by the term 'Ancient Greece' is a long one, encompassing the Mycenaean period and the subsequent so-called 'Dark Age' (c.1600-900 B.C.), the Archaic Period (c.900-48 Continue Reading...
Western Civilization The old Persian road ran from Sardis to Susa. What was the approximate distance from Sardis to Susa? In Miles? It was approximately 1,500 miles from Sardis to Susa. In what 20th century countries did the Greeks have the most c Continue Reading...
Historiography of the Cold War Why and how the Cold War ended became the question of the day after the Berlin Wall came down in 1989. To people whose lives had long been circumscribed, if not terrified, by Cold War-related events, the remarkable di Continue Reading...
Russian History As the president of the Russian Federation, I am faced with the challenge of building a strong, vibrant nation from the ashes of our Communist past. Our nation today struggles economically, politically, and socially. We must rebuild Continue Reading...
Western Humanities The Prevalence of Homosexuality in Ancient Greek Society and Mythology In any study of Western Culture, there are certain elements which must be addressed to fully understand the development of said culture over time. Among the e Continue Reading...
Donne Island No man is an island unto himself," a line written during the Renaissance by poet John Donne, reflects the brotherhood of all men. While this line was written at the height of the Renaissance, it has remained meaningful in both public an Continue Reading...
Soviet Union and Stalin Era Understanding of Stalin and Soviet Union The Soviet economic system persisted for around 60 years and even after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the basic elements of the system still existed. The leaders ex Continue Reading...
History Of Sanitation In our present lives, in hi-technology living spaces or homes, most of us spend our days indoors. Commonly, a home physically means an indoor place, inside space, a room, an apartment, a mobile home such as trailer or van or a Continue Reading...
middle ages, scholastic thinking was structurally limited by the Catholic Church, which considered itself the arbiter of such matters. However, thanks to changes in the sciences and in the methodologies used to approach them, the sheer weight of evi Continue Reading...
French Revolution was the greatest revolution of the 18th century. It was the revolution that started the modern era of politics and had its origins in the financial problems of the government. In the 1770s and 1780s, a protracted war with England l Continue Reading...
