The Reformation altered forever medieval life in Western Europe and initiated the era of modern history (Reformation pp). Although the movement is generally dated from the early 16th century during Luther's era of defying Church authority, the cond Continue Reading...
All human beings are considered corrupt and sick and, because of the original sin, are in close relations with the powers of evil, rending them unable to make a significant contribution to their liberation. Ironically in some way, it can be said tha Continue Reading...
Nature Festivals (including succoth) One of the world's four great monotheistic religions is Judaism. It is the religious culture of Jewish people and constitutes the cultural system of Jewish law, tradition and customs. It is the smallest religion Continue Reading...
Islam and Science Islam and its Scientific Legacy Many people are surprised when they learn of the tremendous debt modern science holds to Islam and the Arab world. Indeed, although most imagine the origins of science to be a Western phenomenon, ar Continue Reading...
Gaia and God Rosemary R. Ruether's book, Gaia and God: An Ecofeminist Theology of Earth Healing presents a thorough look at the relationship between Christianity, patriarchal society, and the destruction of the environment. She argues that the Chris Continue Reading...
French Colonization: The Eurocentric Perspective vs. The Revisionist perspective Colonization takes place when some people staunchly believe that the culture they are a part of and the lifestyle they follow is better, beneficial and therefore must b Continue Reading...
Pope Urban II and the First Crusade Pope Urban II and his influence in developing and promoting the First Crusade in the 11th century Christianity during the Middle Ages has been characterized by numerous conflicts that focus on the struggle for re Continue Reading...
Knights Templar, condoned by the Catholic Church, represents a religious order committed to the seemingly opposing principles and ideas of Christian peace and brotherhood of man while remaining dedicated to war and death. Through efforts to demonstr Continue Reading...
institutions wielded as much influence over the people of their age as the medieval Roman Catholic Church. This influence derived primarily from the church's enormous wealth, due to the requirement of its members to tithe ten percent of all monies e Continue Reading...
God: Review of Karen Armstrong's "History of God" The History of God" by Karen Armstrong reads more like a quest for God amongst the annals of Man's history. It relates the transition of the nature of God as perceived by His human subjects, cateri Continue Reading...
Faustus' Acceptance to Eternal Damnation Many traditions and legends have been created all the way through the long history of western culture. Among which one of the most outstanding and well-known as well long lasting traditions of western cultur Continue Reading...
Malcolm X, the most influential Black Muslim leader, was a man whose views and personality underwent so many changes that the final version of him bore little or no resemblance to the original one. In the book, 'Autobiography of Malcolm X', Alex Hale Continue Reading...
Buddha the founder of the Buddhist faith lived in India, Bihar, from 563-483 BCE. As the Buddha or enlightened one he preached his doctrine of the four great truths. Sorrow is inherent in life, it arises from desire, and only by eliminating desire ca Continue Reading...
Tourism Management The impact of technology and the increase of international travel and exploration, the global environment has provided a landscape that depends on the knowledge of other culture. The differences among the human race are everywher Continue Reading...
Byzantine and the Islamic Empires The decline of the Roman Empire gave birth to new political formations that had a tremendous impact upon the world at large. Out of this disintegration emerged three new political formations, such as the Eastern Ro Continue Reading...
Human Qualities of the Theologian The task of the theologian is that of utter responsibility and the necessity of having a connection to his church and the world outside of it. It is definitely not a task for the faint of heart. Among the many intri Continue Reading...
Wicca There can be no exhaustive or authoritative sources that can trace Wicca back through ancient times. Wicca is mainly a manifestation of ancient systems of nature worship in the 20th century that is based out of northern Europe that has been in Continue Reading...
Neo-Confucianism: Reframing the tenants of Confucianism for a new era Neo-Confucianism arose as a synthesis of Buddhism and Taoism in China. Although there is often a tendency to elide the ideological orientations of all the so-called 'Eastern' rel Continue Reading...
Psychology of Happiness and a Life Well-Lived In this paper, I have discussed that happiness as well as morality (meaningful purpose) are actually the ultimate goals and the true sign of a life well-lived. I have tried to explain how morality must b Continue Reading...
God has given human beings the chance to achieve something that no other population has ever been able to hope for, namely the ability to become godlike and to live amongst Him and his angels and other celestial beings. What happens upon the earth a Continue Reading...
orthodoxy was challenged by several alternate theologies including multiple views of the Trinity and the nature of Christ. Different Christian religious orientations came to other conclusions about those elements, which have, in turn, become central Continue Reading...
Cultural Psychology Review of Saudi Arabia Muslim culture is one of the religions with the oldest and most extensive histories. It has its impacts on the world's greatest civilizations such as Sultanate of Usmania, Saudi Arabia, and Middle East and Continue Reading...
Islamic Civilization A civilization in simple terms is the development of human potential in all dimensions including physical, intellectual, spiritual, moral and psychological. In order for the potential to be developed, civilizations have to work Continue Reading...
Roger Williams was a Puritan Separatist and Baptist, who founded the new colony of Rhode Island after his expulsion from Massachusetts. His views were quite radical and democratic by 17th Century standards, since he supported religious freedom for al Continue Reading...
The Sawm is the Fourth Pillar of Islam and it teaches Muslims in regard to fasting (refraining from eating or drinking). The Ramadan is the ninth month in the Islamic lunar year and is believed to be the most important period of the year in Muslim Continue Reading...
As one performs their dharma, they earn karma, which is the cause and effect aspect of Hinduism. Karma explains good actions bring good results, and by obeying this principle and dharma, one can experience rebirth into a "better" life that puts one Continue Reading...
Jewish Monotheism Historians of Judaism actually date the strong Jewish emphasis on monotheism somewhat later than expected within Jewish history. The archaeological discovery of idols and artifacts indicating cultic participation from the time of I Continue Reading...
Acceptance of Jews in 18th Century Europe ACCEPTANCE OF JEWS IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY EUROPE The eighteenth century brought a sea change to philosophical, scientific, cultural, and social thought. This era, termed the Enlightenment, signaled a step to Continue Reading...
This lets us know that Christianity is not something that should be forced on us. Those receiving what Paul preached received it by faith. Although times have changed the Book of Acts serves as a good foundation for Church government. Jesus was ver Continue Reading...
Religious Violence & Non-Violence As the truth is relative and it changes constantly based on one's own experiences and in some cases on revelations, and since the world, although based on eternal values, is constantly changing, the story of Gan Continue Reading...
Such movements, however, had a way of becoming victims of their own success, as Niebuhr argued. Insofar as they spoke to popular aspirations and needs, they attracted large followings, necessitating new structures and hierarchies. The sharp critique Continue Reading...
Costumes and decorative arts, oral history, photographs, paintings and real objects narrate the history. Besides, toys clothing, watches, weapons, ceramics, coins, items made of glass, and lot of other items of civilization make up these objects. (" Continue Reading...
The concern is immediate gratification and the result of one's actions right here, right now. Another way that Tillich helps readers view their changing world is by making the distinction between science and faith. Increasingly, it is also becoming Continue Reading...
It did not permit them to provide medical or humanitarian aid to the enemy side, which was common in other wars. More than 2,000 Mennonites were drafted, and, for the first time, spent time in military camps. Another 600 to 800 left the United State Continue Reading...
Thus, the question continues to rise: "How can one know if a person is Jewish or not?" The Israeli Knesset and court system must decide who does or does not receive Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return. Likewise, for the Messianic Jew, there Continue Reading...
" Those who belonged to the faith believed that they would be resurrected after death and judged on their lifelong deeds. Zoroastrianism existed in Iran by the time Medes and Persians were established. They both treated it and received it as a long Continue Reading...
Hinduism is a complex and seemingly contradictory religion. It is also a way of life. The key concepts of Karma, The Caste System, the four permissible goals, the ways of salvation, and the infinite manifestations of God combine to create a culture i Continue Reading...
